Sublethal Effects of Methanolic Extract of Raphia hookeri on the Reproductive Capacity of Clarias gariepinus

Table 1

Morphological and behavioural responses of C. gariepinus in test solution.

Studied characteristic	Observations on fishes prior to exposure	Observations on fish after exposure
Skin colour	Black dorsally and grayish white ventrally	Colour changed to a mottled grayish colour dorsally with dark spots occurring all over body
Response to stimuli	Rapid response to external stimuli that is touching	Relatively sluggish with occasional spiral movement
Swimming	Normal swimming (dorsal side up)	Alternate swimming on the lateral side and rapid and erratic swimming behavior
Breathing mechanisms	Normal breathing	Gasping for breath
Opercula movement	Normal opercula movement	Rapid opercula movement