Synthesis and Characterization of a Linear [Mn3(O2CMe)4(py)8]2+ Complex

Moushi, Eleni E.; Kizas, Christos; Nastopoulos, Vassilios; Tasiopoulos, Anastasios J.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932569

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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Volume 2010 | Article ID 932569 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932569

Synthesis and Characterization of a Linear [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₄(py)₈]²⁺ Complex

Eleni E. Moushi,¹Christos Kizas,¹Vassilios Nastopoulos,²and Anastasios J. Tasiopoulos¹

Academic Editor: Spyros Perlepes

Received16 Mar 2010

Accepted25 Mar 2010

Published30 May 2010

Abstract

Two new compounds that consist of the linear trinuclear manganese(II) cation [M(CMe(py cocrystallizing with different counteranions (, [1]; Cl, [2]) are reported. Complex 1 was prepared from the reaction of [Mn(CMe]4O with in MeCH/py, whereas complex 2 was isolated from the reaction of [MO(CMe(py]py with [Mn(Cl]6O in MeCN/py. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Magnetic susceptibility studies that were performed in microcrystalline powder of 1 in the 2–300 K range revealed the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions that resulted in an ground spin state.

1. Introduction

Oligonunuclear Mn carboxylate clusters have attracted significant interest since they have been located in the active site of metalloenzymes [1] and also often have interesting and sometimes novel magnetic properties [2]. Undoubtedly, the most well-known oligonuclear cluster that appears in biological systems is the tetranuclear Mn complex that is present in the active site of photosystem II and is responsible for the light driven oxidation of water to molecular dioxygen [3–7]. Other Mn compounds observed in the active sites of metalloenzymes involve mononuclear (e.g., in Mn-superoxide dismutases) [8] and dinuclear (e.g., in Mn-catalases) complexes [8, 9]. In all those compounds, the ligation of the Mn ions is provided mainly by O- and N-donor atoms from the various aminoacid residues present in the metalloproteins. In order to prepare functional and structural models of the Mn compounds that are present in metalloenzymes, efforts have been centered on the synthesis and study of manganese carboxylate complexes with various chelating N-donor ligands, such as 2,2-bipyridine (bpy) [10–13], 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) [10, 14–16], and 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole [17]. As a result a plethora of dinuclear, trinuclear and tetranuclear manganese compounds containing carboxylato groups or/and nitrogen-donor ligands have been prepared and characterized [4, 7, 10–30]. Such complexes are of significant interest not only as potential functional and structural models of the metal clusters present in Mn-containing metalloenzymes but also as precursors for the isolation of new model compounds. In particular, trinuclear Mn compounds have attracted significant attention since they appear as discrete metal clusters with various topologies including linear [10–26], triangular [27], V-shaped [28], and so forth, clusters and also as building blocks in multidimensional coordination polymers [29]. Linear trinuclear manganese (II) clusters with various molecular formulas such as [Mn₃(O₂CR)₆(L)₂] [10–20] and [Mn₃(O₂CR)₄(L)₂] [21–23] have been prepared with several types of carboxylates, bidentate (L), and tridentate or tetradentate (L) chelates and also terminal ligands.

Herein, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of a new linear manganese(II) cation, [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₄(py)₈]²⁺ which cocrystallizes with two different counteranions (, [1] and , [2]). The cation of 1 and 2 represents the first linear trinuclear unit that contains only carboxylate and pyridine ligands and a rare example of a linear cluster that is stabilized with carboxylate and terminal ligands without containing any polydentate chelates [30].

2. Experimental

2.1. Materials

All manipulations were performed under aerobic conditions using materials (reagent grade) and solvents as received; water was distilled in-house. [Mn₃O(O₂CMe)₆(py)₃]py was prepared as described elsewhere [27]. Warning: Although we encountered no problems, appropriate care should be taken in the use of the potentially explosives perchlorate anion.

2.2. Syntheses of Compounds

2.2.1. [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₄(py)₈](I₃)₂ [1]

Solid I₂ (2.07 g, 8.16 mmol) was added to the yellowish solution of [Mn(O₂CMe)₂]4H₂O (2.00 g, 8.16 mmol) in MeCOOH/py (10/20 mL). The resulting red-brown solution was left under magnetic stirring for 45 minutes, filtered off and the filtrate was left undisturbed at room temperature. After a few weeks, dark brown crystals of 1 suitable for X-ray crystallography were formed. The crystals were collected by filtration, washed with MeCOOH/py (5/10 mL) and dried in vacuum. The yield was 60% based on total Mn content. A sample for crystallography was maintained in contact with the mother liquor to prevent the loss of interstitial solvent. Anal. Calc. for C₄₈H₅₂Mn₃N₈O₈I₆ [1]: C, 32.11; H, 2.92; N, 6.24. Found: C 31.89; H 2.79; N 6.10%. IR data (KBr pellet, cm⁻¹): (m), 3059 (m), 1599 (s), 1580 (s), 1564 (s, br), 1483 (m), 1441 (s, br), 1350 (m), 1215 (m), 1151 (m), 1067 (m), 1038 (m), 1005 (m), 752 (m), 700 (s), 683 (m), 650 (m), 629 (m).

2.2.2. [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₄(py)₈](ClO₄)₂ [2]

Method A
To a solution of [Mn₃O(O₂CMe)₆(py)₃]py (0.294 g, 0.345 mmol) in MeCN/py (10/2 mL) was added Mn(ClO₄)₂6H₂O (0.125 g, 0.345 mmol) and pdH₂ (0.10 mL, 0.105 g, 1.38 mmol) and the mixture was left under magnetic stirring for 30 minutes. The resulting dark red-brown slurry was filtered off and the dark red-brown filtrate was left undisturbed at room temperature. After few weeks yellow crystals appeared, suitable for X-ray structural determination. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with a copious amount of MeCN/py, and dried in vacuum; yield, 20% based on total content. A sample for crystallography was maintained in contact with the mother liquor to prevent the loss of interstitial solvent. Anal. Calc. for C₄₈H₅₂Mn₃N₈O₁₆Cl₂ [2]: C, 46.77; H, 4.25; N, 9.09. Found: C 46.63; H 4.09; N 8.95%.

Method B
Method A was repeated in a mixture of MeCN/py (10/4 mL) without using H₂pd. The yield was 9% based on on total content.

2.3. X-Ray Crystallography

Data were collected on an Oxford-Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer, equipped with a CCD area detector and a graphite monochromator utilizing Mo-Kα radiation ( Å). Suitable crystals were attached to glass fibers using paratone-N oil and transferred to a goniostat where they were cooled for data collection. Unit cell dimensions were determined and refined by using 12271 () and 5746 () reflections for 1 and 2, respectively. Empirical absorption corrections (multiscan based on symmetry-related measurements) were applied using CrysAlis RED software [31]. The structures were solved by direct methods using SIR92 [32], and refined on using full-matrix least squares with SHELXL97 [33]. Software packages used: CrysAlis CCD [31] for data collection, CrysAlis RED [31] for cell refinement and data reduction, WINGX for geometric calculations [34], and DIAMOND [35] and MERCURY [36] for molecular graphics. The non-H atoms were treated anisotropically, whereas the hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated, ideal positions and refined as riding on their respective carbon atoms. Unit cell data and structure refinement details are listed in Table 1.

2.4. Physical Measurements

Elemental analyses were performed by the in-house facilities of the Chemistry Department, University of Cyprus. IR spectra were recorded on KBr pellets in the 4000–400 cm^-1 range using a Shimadzu Prestige-21 spectrometer. Variable-temperature DC magnetic susceptibility data down to 1.80 K were collected on a Quantum Design MPMS-XL SQUID magnetometer equipped with a 70 kG (7 T) DC magnet. Diamagnetic corrections were applied to the observed paramagnetic susceptibilities using Pascal's constants. Samples were embedded in solid eicosane, unless otherwise stated, to prevent torquing.

3. Results and Discussions

3.1. Syntheses

Both complexes were prepared serendipitously during our investigations on two different synthetic methods. The first one involved the use of iodine as an oxidizing agent in various reactions of [Mn(O₂CMe)₂]4H₂O, while the second one included the employment of 1,3-propanediol (pdH₂) in reactions with [Mn₃O(O₂CMe)₆(py)₃]py.

One of the most successful strategies to polynuclear Mn clusters has been the oxidation of a Mn²⁺ starting material with the use of various oxidizing agents, often in the presence of a chelating ligand. Several oxidants have been employed for this purpose such as , Ce^IV, peroxides, bromate, and iodine to form high-oxidation state Mn species [4, 7, 28]. Although the use of iodine as oxidant in Mn cluster chemistry has been reported in the past [4, 7], the oxidation of Mn²⁺ salts from iodine under various conditions is a rather unexplored synthetic method. Compound 1 was prepared during our investigations on reactions of Mn(O₂CMe)₂4H₂O with iodine in MeCOOH/pyridine. A large amount of MeCOOH was used in order to avoid the formation of various Mn oxides/hydroxides that precipitate at basic conditions. Thus, the reaction of [Mn(O₂CMe)₂]4H₂O with solid I₂ in a 1 : 1 ratio in MeCOOH/py (10/20 mL) resulted in the formation of dark brown crystals of 1 in 60% yield. The formation of 1 is summarized in (1): Despite the presence of an oxidant (I₂) in the reaction mixture, the final product (compound 1) contains only Mn²⁺ ions. We believe that species that contain Mn ions in higher oxidation states are also formed but are quite soluble and thus do not precipitate from the reaction solution.

Another synthetic method to new polynuclear Mn clusters employed recently by our group involves the use of aliphatic diols such as pdH₂ in Mn cluster chemistry. These studies have resulted in a number of new polynuclear clusters and coordination polymers with coordinated pdH₂ ligands [37–40]. Many of these compounds were isolated from reactions that were involving the use of [Mn₃O(O₂CMe)₆(py)₃]py as a starting material [37, 38]. These studies, apart from compounds that contain coordinated pdH₂ ligands, have also resulted in complexes that do not include the diol in their asymmetric unit, with 2 being one of the members of this family. Thus, compound 2 was initially prepared from the reaction of [Mn₃O(O₂CMe)₆(py)₃]py with Mn(ClO₄)₂6H₂O in the presence of pdH₂ in a 1: 1: 4 ratio in MeCN/py (10/2 mL) in 20% yield. When the identity of 2 was established and known that it contained neither coordinated nor lattice pdH₂/pd^2- ligands, the reaction resulted in the formation of 2 was repeated without including pdH₂ in the reaction mixture. This reaction gave a few crystals of 2. Various modifications were applied in this reaction in order to optimize its yield. Finally, the larger yield (achieved when no pdH₂ was included in the reaction mixture) was 9% and obtained when an extra amount of pyridine (4 more mL) was added to the reaction solution. The exact role of pdH₂ in the assembly of 2 and how its use results in larger reaction yield still remain unidentified.

3.2. Description of the Structures

The molecular structure of complex 1 is presented in Figure 1 and selected interatomic distances and angles for 1 are listed in Table 2. Bond valence sum (BVS) calculations for the metal ions of 1 and 2 are given in Table 3. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 present a striking similarity with the main difference between them being their counter-ions and thus only that of 1 will be described here.

Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2₁/ space group and comprises the [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₄(py)₈]²⁺ cation and two counteranions. The cation of 1 (Figure 1) consists of a linear array of three ions coordinated by four acetate groups and eight terminal pyridine molecules. The oxidation states of the Mn ions were determined by BVS calculations (Table 3), charge considerations, and inspection of metric parameters. The central metal ion of the trinuclear unit (Mn1), which is located on a crystallographic inversion center, is ligated by four oxygen atoms from four different acetate ligands and two molecules of pyridine adopting a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. All four acetate ligands bridge two Mn ions with two of them operating in the common syn-syn-η¹ : η¹ : μ₂ fashion, whereas the other two function in the less common monoatomically bridging η² : η¹ : μ₂ mode. The above mentioned carboxylate bridging modes have also been observed in several other linear trinuclear manganese (II) complexes [10–23]. However, in most linear complexes each pair of ions is held together by at least three bridging ligands, whereas in 1 the neighboring Mn ions are connected through two bridging ligands only. One exception in this situation is the compound [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₆(H₂O)(phen)₂] where one pair of Mn ions is linked through two acetate ligands, whereas the second one is held together by three bridging MeCOO^- ligands [16]. The consequence of the presence of less bridging ligands in 1 is the larger MnMn separation (3.799 (2) Å) compared to the values observed in other linear trinuclear complexes which are within the range of 3.2–3.7 Å [10–23]. The observed separation of 3.799 Å is slightly smaller than that (3.868 (4) Å) between the Mn ions bridged by two acetate ligands in [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₆(H₂O)(phen)₂]. However, the MnMn distance in the other pair of Mn ions of the latter is significantly shorter (3.489 Å) and thus the average MnMn separation falls within the range observed for the other linear trinuclear complexes.

The distorted octahedral coordination environment around each terminal metal ion (Mn2) is completed by three pyridine molecules. The Mn2N₃O₃ octahedron is significantly distorted, with the main distortion arising from the acute O3–Mn2–O4 angle (58.24 (7)). The Mn1N₂O₄ octahedron is almost perfect. All Mn–N and Mn–O bond lengths of the two crystallographically independent manganese ions are within the expected range for octahedral high-spin complexes.

A close examination of the packing of 1 revealed that the trinuclear molecules are nearly perpendicular to each other (Figure 2) and there are no significant hydrogen bonding interactions between neighboring units of 1.

3.3. Magnetic Properties

Solid-state dc magnetic susceptibility studies were performed on a powdered crystalline sample of 1 in a 0.1 T field and in the 5.0–300 K temperature range. The obtained data are plotted as versus in Figure 3.

The product at 300 K for 1 is 12.98 cm³ mol^-1 K, slightly smaller than the value expected for three () noninteracting ions (13.125 cm³ mol^-1 K, ) indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. This is corroborated by the continuous decrease of upon cooling down to 10.63 cm³ mol^-1 K at 50 K. Below that temperature, the decrease is more abrupt, with reaching a value of 4.49 cm³ mol^-1 K at 5 K. The 5 K value is very close to the spin - only () value of 4.375 cm³ mol^-1 K for a spin ground state . These results are indicative of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the Mn ions of 1 that lead to a spin ground state of .

The magnetic susceptibility was simulated taking into account only one isotropic intracluster magnetic interaction, J, between Mn1 and Mn2 centers since the exchange interaction between the terminal Mn ions of 1 and also of most of the known linear complexes is negligible [10, 11, 15, 16] because of the large MnMn separation (for 1 Mn2Mn2 = 7.598() Å). Application of the van Vleck equation [41] to the Kambe’s vector coupling scheme [42] allows the determination of a theoretical versus expression for 1 from the following Hamiltonian: using the numbering scheme of Figure 1, where . This expression was used to fit the experimental data giving K and (solid line, Figure 3). A temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP) term was held constant at cm³ mol^-1 K.

The obtained value is smaller than values reported in the literature for other linear clusters with three bridging ligands per manganese pair which in most cases range from ~2.5 to ~7 K [18]. This behaviour could be rationalized on the basis of the existence of only two bridging ligands per manganese pair and larger MnMn separations in 1 as was discussed in detail above (description of the structures). There are, however, examples of linear clusters with values comparable to that of 1, such as [Mn₃(L¹)₂(-O₂CMe)₄]2Et₂O (HL¹ = (1-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)((2-pyridyl)methyl)((1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methyl)amine) ( K) [21].

4. Conclusions

A new linear trinuclear manganese(II) complex [Mn₃(O₂CMe)₄(py)₈]²⁺ cocrystallizing with [1] and [2] has been synthesized serendipitously. Compound 1 was prepared in an attempt to oxidize [Mn(O₂CMe)₂]4H₂O with I₂ in MeCOOH/py, whereas compound 2 was initially isolated during our investigations on reactions of [Mn₃O(O₂CMe)₆(py)₃]py with Mn(ClO₄)₂6H₂O in the presence of pdH₂ in MeCN/py and was resynthesized in lower yield without adding pdH₂ in the reaction mixture. Although several linear trinuclear complexes have been prepared and studied, the cation of 1 and 2 has several novel structural features including: (i) different type of ligation since 1 and 2 are the first examples of linear trinuclear Mn clusters with only acetate and pyridine ligands and (ii) different number of bridging ligands between each pair of ions, since 1 and 2 are rare examples of linear clusters with only two bridging ligands linking each pair of ions. Variable temperature dc magnetic susceptibility studies revealed the existence of antiferomagnetic interactions between the Mn ions of 1 resulting in an spin ground state.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation (Grant: TEXNO/0506/06), for financial support of this research. This paper is dedicated to Professor Nick Hadjiliadis for his retirement.

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Copyright © 2010 Eleni E. Moushi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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