Thermodynamic Investigation and Mixed Ligand Complex Formation of 1,4-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)-piperazine and Biorelevant Ligands

Table 5

Thermodynamic parameters for ML complexes of (BAPP) with 3d divalent metal ions in aqueous solution at 0.1 M NaNO₃ at different temperatures^a.

Equilibrium	Δ𝐻^∘	Δ𝑆^∘	Δ𝐺^∘
	kJMol^−1	JK^−1 Mol^−1	kJMol^−1
(1) Zn^2+ + L ⇌ ZnL^2+	−31.1 (0.4)	−15.5 (0.7)	−26.5 (0.8)
(2) Co^2+ + L ⇌ CoL^2+	−81.5 (0.8)	−171.2 (1.2)	−30.5 (0.4)
(3) Ni^2+ + L ⇌ NiL^2+	−94.7 (0.9)	−210.4 (1.9)	−32.0 (0.4)
(4) Cu^2+ + L ⇌ CuL^2+	−134.5 (1.1)	−186.7 (1.5)	−78.9 (0.9)

^aStandard deviations are given in parentheses; L: BAPP.