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| Target | Brand name | Company/Sponsor | Type of mAb (conjugate) | Phase | Remarks |
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| CD138 | B-B4-DM1 | ImmunoGen | the maytansinoid immunoconjugate mouse IgG1 mAb B-B4 | preclinical | Tassone Blood 2004,104:3688–96 |
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| HM1.24 | humanized HM1.24 | Chugai Pharmaceutical | humanized | preclincial | Ozaki Blood 1999,93:3922–3930 |
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| humanized HM1.24 | Xencor Inc | Fc-engineered humanized IgG1 | preclincial | |
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| IL-6 | OP-R003-1, 1339 Elsilimomab, Azintrel | OPi EUSA Pharma; Vaccinex licensed to Glaxo Smith Kline | human IgG1 | preclincial | Fulciniti Clin Cancer Res 2009,15:7144–52 |
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| HLA-DR | 1D09C3 | GPC Biotech, AG | human IgG1 | preclincial | Carlo-Stella Cancer Res 2007 |
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| kininogen | C11C1 | Temple University School of Medicine | mouse | preclincial | Sainz Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006 C11C1 mAb inhibits its own tumor growth in vivo, slows down B38-MM growth rate when both MM are implanted together and when mAb C11C1 is injected intraperitoneally. MAb C11C1-treated-MM showed decreased MVD and kininogen binding in vivo without FGF-2, B1R, or B2R expression changes |
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| HLA class I | 2D7-DB | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | converted from mouse IgG2b, single-chain Fv diabody | preclincial | Sekimoto Cancer Res 2007; 67:1184–92. a recombinant single-chain Fv diabody 2D7-DB specifically induces multiple myeloma cell death in the bone marrow environment |
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| β2-microglobulin | anti-β2M mAbs | MD Anderson Cancer Center | mouse | preclincial | Yang Blood 2007; 110:3028–35. & Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:951–9. Strong apoptotic effect on myeloma cells and low toxocity in the mice suppports potential use as therapeutic agents |
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| CD38 | MOR202 | MorphoSys AG | human IgG1 | preclincial | Tesar et al. J. Clin Oncol 2007, 25(18S): 8106 |
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| CD32B | MGA321(2B6) | MacroGenics | humanized IgG1 | preclincial | Zhou Blood 2008; 111:549–557. humanized 2B6 MoAb may target in patients with systemic AL-amyloidosis. It blocks Fc engagement of CD32B and may improve the performance of other cancer Mabs when combined with them during administration |
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| FGFR3 | PRO-001 | Prochon Biotech Ltd. | human IgG1 | preclincial | Trudel Blood 2006; 2:4908–4915. The inhibitory anti-FGFR3 antibody, PRO-001, is cytotoxic to t(4;14) MM cells and deserves further study for the treatment of FGFR3-expressing myeloma |
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| ICAM-1 | cUV3 | Abiogen | chimeric IgG1 | preclincial | Smallshaw J Immunother 2004; Coleman J Immunother 2006 cUV3 significantly prolongs the survival of SCID/ARH-77 mice |
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| BLyS | BLyS/rGel | Targa Therapeutics | Fusion protein of an antibody tethered to a toxin | preclincial | Lyu et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:460–70 |
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| TACI | Atacicept (TACI-Ig) | ZymoGenetics Inc. | fusion protein | preclincial | Yaccoby Leukemia 2008 22, 406–413 |
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| CD70 | SGN-70 | Seatle Genetics | humanized IgG1 | preclincial | McEarchern Clin Cancer Res 2008 14, 7763–72 |
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| TRAIL-R2(DR5) | lexatumumab | Human Genome Sciences | human | preclincial | Menoret et al. Blood 2006;132: 1356–62 |
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| IL-6R | NRI (engineered Tocilizumab) | Roche Pharmaceuticals | a single-chain fragment format dimerized by fusing to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 | preclincial | Yoshio-Hoshino Cancer Res 2007; 67:871–5. the NRI gene introduction combined with adenovirus gene delivery inhibited the in vivo S6B45 cell growth significantly |
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| BCMA | SG1 | Seatle Genetics | Auristatin-BCMA mAb | preclincial | Ryan et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:3009–18 |
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| matriptase | M24-DOX | UMDNJ—The Cancer Inst. of New Jersey | immunoconjugate with doxorubicin | preclincial | Bertino et al. 2010 AACR abtract no. 2596. M24-DOX is as potent as free doxorubicin to inhibit the growth of MM cells. But target delivery of doxorubicin by the matriptase antibody significantly reduced the toxicity toward cardiomyocytes that lack matriptase expression |
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| IL-1beta | XOMA 052 | XOMA (US) LLC | Human Engineered IgG2 | preclincial | Lust 2010 AACR abstract no. 2449. XOMA 052 is highly effective at inhibiting IL-1 induced IL-6 production in myeloma patients in vitro |
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| CD20 | Rituxan | NCI & Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | chimeric with a human IgG1 Fc | II (ongoing) | NCT00258206 (with cyclophosphamide): NCT00505895. High-dose cyclophosphamide in combination with rituximab in patients with primary refractory, high-risk, or relapsed myeloma, also being studied for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in patients with MGUS |
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| CD20 | Zevalin (yttrium Y 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan) | NCI | mouse IgG1 | I (ongoing) | NCT00477815: Zevalin radioimmunotherapy with high-dose melphalan and stem cell transplant for MM |
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| CD40 | SGN-40 (Dacetuzumab) | Seatle Genetics/Genentech | humanized IgG1 | I b (ongoing) | NCT00664898: safety and pharmacology of SGN-40 administered in combination with Bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341) in patients with relapsed or refractory MM. NCT00525447 is the study of SGN40, lenalidomide, and dex in MM patients |
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| CD40 | HCD122 (Lucatumumab) | Novartis | human IgG1 | I (ongoing) | NCT00231166 Dose-finding trial of HCD122 in MM patients that is relapsed or has not responded to prior therapy |
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| CD20 | Bexxar (131-tositumomab) | GlaxoSmithKline | radioactive iodine 131 attaching to anti-CD20; muIgG2a (131) | II (ongoing) | NCT00135200: to see whether the treatment with Bexxar will decrease and possibly eliminate residual myeloma cells resistant to chemotherapy |
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| CD56 | BB-10901 (IMGN901) | ImmunoGen, Inc. | humanized (maytansine DM1 conjugation) | I (ongoing) | NCT00346255: given as an intravenous infusion weekly for two consecutive weeks every three weeks to relapsed and relapsed refractory CD56-positive MM; NCT00991562: IMGN901 in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone |
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| RANKL | Denosumab | Amgen | human IgG2 | II/III (ongoing) | NCT00259740: to determine if denosumab is effective in the treatment of relapsed or plateau-phase MM; NCT00104650: to determine the effectiveness of AMG 162 in reducing urinary N-telopeptide in advanced cancer subjects with bone metastases; NCT00330759: Phase III Study of Denosumab Compared With Zoledronic Acid (Zometa) in the Treatment of Bone Metastases in Subjects With Advanced Cancer (Excluding Breast and Prostate Cancer) or MM |
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| VEGF | Avastin beuacizumab | Genentech | humanized | II (ongoing) | NCT00428545 (in combination with bortezomib); NCT00410605 (added with lenalidomide and dexamethasone) |
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| CD52 | Campath-1H (alemtuzumab) | NCI; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute | humanized | II (ongoing) | NCT00625144: studying the side effects of giving fludarabine and busulfan together with alemtuzumab followed by donor stem cell transplant and to see how well it works in treating patients with hematological cancer or other disease |
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| IL-6 | CNTO 328 | Centocor, Inc | chimerized IgG1 | I/II (ongoing) | NCT00401843 (in combination with bortezomib); NCT00911859 (added with Velcade-Melphalan-Prednisone); NCT00402181 (in combination with dexamethason) |
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| IL-6 | B-E8 (Elsilimomab) | Orphan Pharma International and Diaclone SA | murine | II | Preliminary efficacy was seen but there is a limitation for the clinical use of a murine monoclonal antibody since it frequently induces human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) |
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| IL-6R | MRA (Tocilizumab) | Roche Pharmaceuticals | humanized | II | |
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| TRAIL-R1(DR4) | Mapatumumab(TRM-1) | Human Genome Sciences | human | II (ongoing) | NCT00315757 (in combination with bortezomib) |
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| EGFR | Erbitux(EMMA-1) | Imclone; Bristol Meyers-Squibb | chimerized | II (ongoing) | NCT00368121 (in combination with dexamethasone) |
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| CS1 | elotuzumab/HuLuc63 | Facet Biotech; Bristol-Myers Squibb | humanized | I /II (ongoing) | NCT00742560 & NCT00726869 (in combination with bortezomib) |
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| CD38 | HuMax-CD38 | Genmab | human IgG1 | I/II (ongoing) | NCT00574288: to establish safety profile of HuMax-CD38, given as monotherapy in patients with MM relapsed or refractory to at least 2 different cytoreductive therapies and without further established treatment options |
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| CD38 | SAR650984 | Sanofi-Aventis; ImmunoGen | humanized IgG1 | I (ongoing) | NCT01084252: to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/maximum administered dose (MAD) |
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| DKK | BHQ880 | Novartis | human IgG1 | I/II (ongoing) | NCT00741377: in combination with Zoledronic Acid in relapsed/refractory myeloma |
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| CD138 | BT062 | Biotest; ImmunoGen | chimeric (B-B4-maytansinoid DM4) | I (ongoing) | NCT00723359 |
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| the activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) | ACE-011 | Acceleron Pharma, Inc | human IgG1 | I/IIa (ongoing) | NCT00747123 (in patients with osteolytic lesions with MM) |
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| IGF-1R | AVE1642 | Sanofi-Aventis | humanized | I/II (ongoing) | Descamps et al. (B J Cancer 2009; 100:366) Anti-IGF-1R Monoclonal Antibody combined with bortezomib for patients with rel/ref MM |
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| Ganglioside GM2 | BIW-8962 | BioWa, Incorporated | humanized | I/II (ongoing) | Dosing study of anti-GM-2 ganglioside (expressed at high levels on the surface of MM cells) followed by efficacy study |
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| CD74 (variant MHC II) | milatuzumab (hLL1, IMMU-110) | Immunomedics, Inc. | humanized IgG1 or humanized IgG1 doxorubicin conjugate | I/II (ongoing) | NCT00421525: in patients with recurrent or refractory multiple myeloma who have failed at least two prior standard systemic treatments. Its isotope, drug, and toxin conjugates have high antitumor activity in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in vitro and in tumor xenograft models. Stein et al. 2007 & 2009 |
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| Alpha-4 integrin | natalizumab (Tysabri) | Biogen Idec | humanized IgG4 | I/II (ongoing) | NCT00675428: patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma |
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| MHC II (HLA-DR) | 1D09C3 | GPC Biotech | human IgG4 | I | Carlo-Stella et al. 2007 showed that IFN-gamma-induced up-regulation of HLA-DR results in a potent enhancement of the in vivo antimyeloma activity of 1D09C3 in mice. Initial clinical testing with 1D09C3 has not raised any unexpected or unacceptable safety concerns and the maximum tolerated dose has not yet been reached. GPC Biotech has decided to not put further internal resources into developing 1D09C3 due to potential swapping of IgG4 antibody one half of its Y-shaped structure with the half of a different antibody, thus resulting in a new molecule whose properties are unknown. However, the Company will seek a partner for the intellectual property relating to this program |
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| IGF-1R | CP-751,871/figitumumab | Pfizer | human IgG2 | I | Lacy et al. (J. Clin Onclo 26:3196) reported that CP-751,871 is well tolerated and may constitute a novel agent in the treatment of multiple myeloma |
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| KIR | IPH 2101 | Innate Pharma | human IgG4 | I/IIa (ongoing) | NCT00552396 (ASCO May 30 2009 abstract 09-AB-3032) safety and tolerability study for patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Preclinical characterization of 1-7F9, a novel human anti-KIR therapeutic antibody that augments NK-mediated killing of tumor cells (Romagne et al. 2009) |
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