Antimicrobial-Induced Cytopenia and Bone Marrow Hypocellularity in Patients with Cirrhosis

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients with CLD on antimicrobials compared with those not on antimicrobials (Total ).

Parameter	Total; ()	Patients with CLD on antimicrobials; ()	Patients with CLD without antimicrobial therapy; ()	value
Age, years (mean ± SD)	46 ± 15	44 ± 18	49 ± 11	0.105
Gender: male, (%)	157 (80%)	91 (79.1%)	66 (81.5%)	0.687
Etiology of CLD: (%)
(i) Ethanol	62 (31.6%)	34 (29.6%)	28 (34.6%)	0.235
(ii) NASH	42 (21.4%)	22 (19.1%)	20 (24.7%)
(iii) Viral	9 (4.6%)	4 (3.5%)	5 (6.2%)
(iv) Cryptogenic	41 (20.9%)	30 (26.1%)	11 (3.6%)
(v) AIH	5 (2.6%)	4 (3.5%)	1 (1.2%)
(vi) Vascular	20 (10.2%)	8 (7.0%)	12 (14.8%)
(vii) NCPF	7 (3.6%)	5 (4.3%)	2 (2.5%)
(viii) Others	10 (5%)	8 (7%)	2 (2.5%)
Hb (g/dL)	9.5 (7.6–11.3)	8.8 (7.2–10.4)	10.5 (8.6–12.1)	<0.001
TLC (×10^9/L)	5.0 (3.2–8.7)	2.8 (2.5–5.6)	5.0 (3.1–9.1)	0.048
Plt count (×10^9/L)	86 (49–154)	86 (43–135)	90 (54–165)	0.043
MELD score	11 (7.0–17.3)	13 (6.5–20.7)	12 (8.0–13.7)	0.201
Spleen size	15.7 ± 4.3	15.3 ± 4.0	16.4 ± 4.5	0.075
Procalcitonin	1.5 (0.3–1.2)	2.5 (1.3–2.7)	0.5 (0.3–0.5)	0.011
C-reactive protein	20.8 (7.9–37.1)	17.6 (7.5–29.3)	4.3 (3.9–10.9)	0.035
Ferritin	179 (76–592)	336 (79–691)	245 (70–544)	0.401
TNF-a ()	18.4 (17.3–29.4)	19.6 (17.5–32.9)	10.2 (8.2–29.4)	0.143
Antimicrobials used: (%)
(i) Cephalosporin	86 (44%)	86 (74.7%)	-	-
(ii) Carbapenem	40 (20.4%)	40 (34.8%)
(iii) Beta lactams	25 (12.8%)	25 (21.7%)
(iv) Quinolones	13 (6.6%)	13 (11.3%)
(v) Antifungals	19 (9.7%)	19 (16.5%)
Bone marrow impression: (%)
(i) Reactive	168 (85.7%)	89 (77.4%)	79 (97.5%)	<0.001
(ii) Hypocellular	25 (12.8%)	25 (21.7%)	0
(iii) Inadequate (diluted marrow)	3 (1.5%)	1 (8.7%)	2 (2.5%)
Outcome: (%)
(i) Discharged	169 (86.2%)	99 (86.1%)	70 (86.4%)	0.081
(ii) Dead	13 (6.6%)	15 (13.9%)	2 (2.5%)	0.093
(iii) LAMA	14 (7.1%)	1 (8.7%)	13 (16%)