Clinical Relevance of KRAS in Human Cancers

Table 1

Consequences of oncogenic KRAS on cellular physiology and biology.

RAS effector pathways	Main function of the RAS signalling pathways	Oncogenic RAS perturb the intrinsic biochemical properties of cell pathways
MAPK	proliferation	increase
PI3K/AKT	survival
NORE1/RASSF1	apoptosis	deregulation
RAL-GDS	membrane vesicle trafficking
JAK/STAT3	growth arrest and differentiation
TIAM1/RAC	cytoskeletal organization
PLCε/PKC	calcium transport signalling
AF6	cell-cell junctions
PKCξ	transcription
PI3K/PDK1	translation