DNA Vaccines: Developing New Strategies against Cancer

Table 3

Adjuvant molecules employed in cancer clinical trials to enhance the immune response.

Adjuvant		Phase	References
Genetic	cytokines	I/II-II	NCT00019448
	(GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-2)		[56, 62]
	bacterial toxins	I/II	[46, 47, 64, 65]
	(pDOM/tetanus toxin FrC)
	immunomodulatory molecules (HSP70)	I/II	[67]
Protein	cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-2)	I/II-II	[58, 59, 61];