Assessment of DNA Damage by RAPD in Paracentrotus lividus Embryos Exposed to Amniotic Fluid from Residents Living Close to Waste Landfill Sites

Figure 2

Comparison of developmental defects and mortality in P. lividus embryos following exposure to sperms. The gray bar represents the untreated negative control (C₀). Unpolluted and polluted amniotic liquid-induced developmental defects are represented, respectively, by white and black bars. P1, per cent larval malformations; P2, per cent developmental arrest at blastula/gastrula stage; D, per cent embryonic mortality, N, normal larvae. Results are expressed as means ± SE from six separate experiments.