Vaccines against Human Carcinomas: Strategies to Improve Antitumor Immune Responses

Table 1

Vaccine-delivery systems.

Vaccine-delivery systems
Immunization against multiple antigens*	Immunization against specified antigen(s)
Cell-based	Cell-based
Autologous whole-tumor cells	DCs pulsed with peptide
Allogeneic whole-tumor cells	Genetically-modified DCs
Genetically-modified tumor cells
DCs-tumor fusion	Protein/Peptide based
DCs loaded with tumor lysate	Protein; Peptide; Agonist peptide; Antiidiotype MAb; Mab fusion proteins
DCs transfected with tumor-derived RNA
Protein/Peptide based
Tumor lysates	Vector-based
Heat shock proteins-tumor peptides	Plasmid DNA
	Bacterial vectors
	Listeria
	Salmonella
	Yeast vectors
	Viral vectors
	Adenovirus
	Vaccinia
	Avipox (fowlpox)
	MVA

^∗Vaccineformulation includes known and unknown antigens.