A Metabonomic Comparison of Urinary Changes in Zucker and GK Rats

Table 1

Summary of the changes in relative amounts of urine metabolites of different group rats indicated by ¹H NMR spectra (mean ± SD).

𝛿  ^1H	Metabolites	Zucker lean	Zucker obese	Wistar	GK
1.33	Lactate	1.67±0.12	1.10±0.11^∗∗	2.97±0.95	1.86±0.17^∗∗
1.46	Alanine	0.44±0.01	0.37±0.03^∗∗	0.63±0.07	0.66±0.04
1.93	Acetate	0.98±0.19	1.32±0.16^∗∗	1.54±0.68	1.04±0.10^∗
2.14	Methionine	0.73±0.07	0.75±0.08	0.95±0.06	1.37±0.12^∗∗
2.26	Acetoacetate	0.72±0.17	0.80±0.09^∗	0.95±0.10	1.17±0.36^∗∗
2.43	Succinate	1.26±0.11	1.11±0.15^∗∗	2.03±0.34	1.87±0.26
2.46	2-ketoglutarate	1.22±0.27	1.04±0.10^∗∗	3.93±0.56	3.13±0.49^∗
2.52, 2.67	Citrate	1.92±0.26	1.55±0.37^∗∗	2.80±0.74	1.78±0.46^∗∗
2.72	Dimethylamine	1.23±0.58	1.84±0.17^∗	1.25±0.18	1.69±0.13^∗∗
3.06	Creatine	2.62±0.49	3.52±0.25^∗∗	5.16±0.33	5.82±0.35^∗∗
3.20	Choline	0.61±0.04	1.44±0.91^∗∗	1.00±0.15	0.99±0.10
3.26, 3.42	Taurine	2.12±0.43	2.88±0.38^∗∗	2.53±0.21	—
7.34	Phenylalanine	0.50±0.04	0.50±0.10	0.51±0.04	0.70±0.22^∗
7.55, 7.64	Hippurate	0.87±0.05	0.23±0.05^∗∗	0.98±0.22	0.75±0.08^∗

^∗𝑃<.05 and ^∗∗𝑃<.01 compared with their corresponding control rats, respectively.