| ITAFS | Effect on IRES activity | IRES targets | Functions in RNA metabolism |
| PTB | Stimulation | FMDV, EMCV, TMEV, PV, HRV, HAV, HCV | Splicing, polyadenylation, RNA stability, localization | DRBP76:NF45 | Repressor | HRV, HCV | Transcription, RNA transport, stability, viral replication | Ebp1/ PA2G4/ ITA | Stimulation | FMDV, EMCV | Transcription regulator | Unr | Stimulation | PV, HRV, HCV | Translation control | HSC70 | | FMDV, HCV | Viral replication | SRp20 | Stimulation | PV | Splicing | PCBP2 | Stimulation | PV, HRV, HAV, CVB3, FMDV, | RNA stability, translation control | | | EMCV, HCV | | Gemin5 | Downregulation | FMDV, HCV | RNA-binding factor of SMN complex | hnRNP U | | FMDV | RNA processing, stability, transcription | hnRNP K | | FMDV | Transcription, RNA stability, translation control | DAZ1 | | FMDV | Translation control | G3BP | | FMDV | Stress granules assembly | Gpiap1 | | FMDV, HCV | Transcription regulator, viral replication | Nucleolin | Stimulation | PV, HRV, FMDV, HCV | Ribosomal RNA maturation, transport | FBP2 | Repressor | EV71 | RNA stability | eIF2C/Ago | | FMDV | Silencing | DHX9 | | HRV, FMDV, HCV | RNA helicase | DDX1 | | FMDV | RNA helicase | RACK1 | | HCV | Ribosomal subunits joining | IGF2BP1 | Stimulation | HCV | RNA localization, stability, translation control | La | Stimulation | PV, EMCV, HAV | Transcription, translation control | NSAP1/ hnRNP Q | Stimulation | HCV | RNA stability, translation control, SGs component | hnRNP L | Stimulation | HCV | RNA stability, translation control | hnRNP D | Stimulation | HCV | RNA stability, translation control | hnRNPA/B | | EV71, HCV | RNA processing, translation control | GAPDH | Repressor | HAV | RNA transport, translation control | YB-BP1 | | HCV | Transcription, RNA stability, translation control |
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