Strategies for Cancer Vaccine Development

Table 1

Overview of 4 different vaccination strategies employed in clinical trials.

VACCINE	PHASE	TUMOR	PTS*	NOTE	REF.
Vaccines with viral vectors
PSA-TRICOM	II	Prostate	122	8.5 mos OS improvement versus placebo.	[2–4]
	II	Prostate	32	>16.4 mos OS improvement in HPS>18 mos group.	[5]
PANVAC-VF	III	Pancreatic	255	Failed >OS. Pts with life expectancy <3 mos.	[6]
Vaccines with peptides
Provenge	III	Prostate	512	4.1 mos OS improvement versus placebo.	[7, 8]
Oncophage	III	Melanoma	322	Prolonged OS in M1a or M1b subpopulation.	[9]
	III	Renal	818	No difference in DFS and OS.	[10]
gp100 : 209-217(210 M)	III	Melanoma	185	Significant improvement in RR and PFS.	[11]
Stimuvax	IIB	Lung	171	17.3 mos OS improvement versus BSC in locoregional stage IIIB.	[12]
Vaccines with tumor cells or tumor-cell lysates
OncoVAX	III	Colon	254	Significant improvement in DFS and OS in stage II.	[13–15]
Reniale	III	Renal	558	Significant improvement in DFS and OS.	[16, 17]
GVAX	III	Prostate	626	Failed to improve OS versus docetaxel.	[6]
	III	Prostate	408	Failed. Higher death rate in combination arm (vaccine + docetaxel) versus docetaxel alone.	[6]
Vaccines with RNA
mRNA from PCa cell lines	I/II	Prostate	19	Immunological responses.	[18]

∗PTS: patients enrolled.