Gene-Gene Interactions in the Folate Metabolic Pathway and the Risk of Conotruncal Heart Defects
Table 1
Characteristics of study cases and parents, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 1997–2007.
Characteristic
Total (%) (n = 727)
Offspring sex
Male
430 (59.2)
Female
297 (40.8)
Race/ethnicity (parental mating pairs)
White
525 (72.2)
Black
74 (10.2)
Hispanic
22 (3.0)
Asian
20 (2.8)
Mixed
86 (11.8)
Primary diagnosis
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
279 (38.4)
D-transposition of the great artery (D-TGA)
152 (20.9)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)*
146 (20.1)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
72 (9.9)
Isolated aortic arch anomaly (AAA)
38 (5.2)
Truncus arteriosus (TA)
21 (2.9)
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA)
19 (2.6)
Conoventricular or posterior malalignment type ventricular septal defect; coarctation of the aorta was present in 16 of the case individuals with a VSD.