Review Article
Metabolic Engineering for Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Chemicals: Contributions of Synthetic Biology
Figure 4
Synthetic pathways of E. coli for production of fuels and chemicals in our lab: 4(a) Native metabolic pathways of glucose fermentation in E. coli; 4(b) synthetic pathways for production of D-lactate, ethanol, L-lactate and L-alanine; 4(c) synthetic pathways for production of pyruvate and acetate; 4(d) synthetic pathway for production of xylitol, 4(e) synthetic pathway for production of succinate. ā
indicate gene deletion. Genes and enzymes: ackA, acetate kinase; adhAB, alcohol dehydrogenase (Z. mobilis); adhE, alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase; alaD, L-alanine dehydrogenase (G. stearothermophilus); crr, glucose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIA component; frd, fumarate reductase; fum, fumarase; galP, galactose-proton symporter (glucose permease); glk, glucokinase; ldhA, D-lactate dehydrogenase; ldhL, L-lactate dehydrogenase (P. acidilactici); mdh, malate dehydrogenase; pdc, pyruvate decarboxylase; pflB, pyruvate formate-lyase; ppc, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; pta, phosphate acetyltransferase; ptsG, PTS system glucose-specific EIICB component; ptsH, phosphocarrier protein HPr; ptsI, phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase (Phosphotransferase system, enzyme I); pyk, pyruvate kinase; xrd, xylose reductase (C. boidinii); xylB, xylulokinase. Metabolites: G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; PEP, phosphoenol pyruvate; X5P, D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
