Immune Modulation by Schistosoma mansoni Antigens in NOD Mice: Effects on Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Figure 3

Schistosome antigens alternatively activate MΦs in vivo. CD11b⁺ peritoneal MΦs upregulate surface expression of (a) mannose receptor, (b) galectin-3, (c) PD-L1, and (d) CD1d, with accompanying increases in mRNA levels in whole PECs. Data from six mice per group treated and analyzed as in Figure 2 are shown. Statistical analysis by Mann Whitney U test, two-tailed.

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