Tropomodulin Capping of Actin Filaments in Striated Muscle Development and Physiology

Table 1

Expression and localization of Tmods and Lmods in striated muscle.

Protein	Striated muscle expression	Localization in striated muscle	References
Tmod1	Cardiac and skeletal muscle	Thin filament pointed ends	[11, 28, 31, 59, 60, 62, 65–67]
		SR- or T-tubule-associated compartment*	[63]
		Sarcolemma	[19]
Tmod3	Cardiac and skeletal muscle	SR**	[63]
Tmod4	Skeletal muscle	Thin filament pointed ends	[19, 31]
		SR- or T-tubule-associated compartment	[63]
Lmod1	Slow extraocular muscle fibers	A-band	[47]
Lmod2	Cardiac muscle	Thin filament pointed ends	[46, 57, 58]
		A-band	[57]

*To date, the putative SR-associated or T-tubule localization of Tmod1 has only been observed in skeletal muscle.
**Tmod3 is expressed ubiquitously, including in cardiac muscle [20, 21], but Tmod3 expression levels and localization in mature cardiomyocytes are uncertain, because Tmod3 is abundant in endothelial cells in all tissues [27].