Schistosome: Its Benefit and Harm in Patients Suffering from Concomitant Diseases

Table 2

Effects of schistosome on other parasitic infections in rodents.

Category	Parasites	Schistosome	Mouse strain	Effects	Refs.
Malaria	Plasmodium berghei	Sm	CBA/Ca	No effect	[53]
	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	Sm	Swiss albino	Parasitemia ↑, mortality ↑	[65]
	Plasmodium berghei NK65	Sm	BALB/c	Parasitemia ↑, mortality ↑	[66]
	Plasmodium chabaudi	Sm	CBA/Ca	Parasitemia ↓	[53]
	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	Sm	A/J	Mortality ↓	[55]
			C57BL/6	Parasitemia ↑, mortality ↑
		Sm	C57BL/6	Parasitemia ↑	[54]
	Plasmodium yoelii	Sm	CBA/Ca	Parasitemia ↑	[53]
		Sm	BALB/c	Parasitemia ↑, mortality ↑	[56]
Cerebral Malaria	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	Sm	ICR HSD	Cerebral malaria ↓	[63]
		Sm	C57BL/6	Brain pathology ↓, no effect on mortality	[64]
Other protozoan infections	Leishmania major	Sm	BALB/c	No effect	[67]
			C57BL/6	No effect
		Sm	C57BL/6	Parasitemia ↑, lesion resolution delayed	[68]
	Leishmania mexicana	Sm	Outbred	Incubation period shortened	[69]
	Leishmania donovani	Sm	C57BL/6	Parasitemia ↑	[70]
	Trypanosoma cruzi	Sm	Albino	Parasitemia ↑, mortality ↑	[71]
	Toxoplasma gondii	Sm	Albino	Mortality ↑	[72]
Helminthic infections	Hymenolepis diminuta	Sm	NMRI	Expulsion ↑	[73]
	Strongyloides venezuelensis	Sm	C57BL/6	Migration ↓	[67]
		Sj	C57BL/6	Migration ↓, expulsion ↑	[69]
	Trichuris muris	Sm	AKR	Expulsion ↑	[74]

↓: downregulation, ↑: upregulation; Sm: S. mansoni, Sj: S. japonicum.