Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) Entry into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Heavily Dependent on Heparan Sulfate
Figure 1
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) entry into cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). (a) Dosage response analysis of HSV-1 entry into hMSCs. Recombinant HSV-1(KOS) gL86 enters hMSCs and naturally susceptible HeLa cells but not wild-type CHO-K1 cells in a dosage-dependent manner. Data represent the mean ± the standard deviation of results from triplicate wells in a representative experiment. (b) β-galactosidase staining of HSV-1 entry. Cultured hMSCs that were exposed to HSV-1(KOS) gL86 (panel (B)) were 100% stained blue, indicating 100% viral infection, whereas uninfected cells did not show any staining. (c) Fluorescence imaging of HSV-1 entry. Confluent monolayer culture of hMSCs were mock infected (panel (A)) or infected with GFP-tagged HSV-1 (K26-GFP) at 50 PFU/cell (panel (B)) and stained with TRITC-conjugated phalloidin (red color), which binds to F-actin. HSV-1 infected cells showed both green fluorescence from HSV-1 capsid and red fluorescence from F-actin expression (green and red overlapping areas appear yellow), whereas mock-treated cells only showed red fluorescence. The images were taken on fluorescent microscope at 20x magnification.
