Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies of Gastric Cancer Treatment

Table 1

Clinical trials with various strategies to modulate NK cell function.

Treatment	Type of cancer	Trial phase (patient number)	NK cell functions	Clinical effects	Comment	References
IL-2	AML	3 (𝑛=320)	ND	40% 3-years LFS; (26% control)		[46]
IL-2	M	2, 3 (𝑛=270)	ND	16% OR	High Toxicity	[47]
IL-2	RCC	1, 2, 3 (𝑛=1.712)	ND	15% OR		[48]
IL-12	RCC; M	1 (𝑛=14)	ND	1 PR, 3 SD	↑ IFN-𝛾 serum concentration correlate with clinical response	[49]
IL-12	RCC; M	1 (𝑛=28)	ND	1 PR	↑ IFN-𝛾 and CXCL10 serum concentration	[50]
IL-18	RCC, M, Hd	1 (𝑛=28)	↑ FasL on NK	2 PR	↑ IFN-𝛾, GM-CSF, IL-18 binding protein in serum	[51]
IL-21	M	1 (𝑛=29)	↑ Cytotoxicity	1 CR	↑ Perforn, granzyme B mRNA inPBMC	[52]
IFN-𝛼	CML	2 (𝑛=26)	↑ Cytotoxicity and IFN-𝛾	60–80% OR	↑ NK cell activity correlated with remission	[53]
Flt3L	BC, Hd	1 (𝑛=8)	ND		↑ Immature circulating DC	[54]
Rituximab	B-cell NHL	1 (𝑛=43)	↑ ADCC	53% OR	↑ NK cell expansion correlated with remission	[55]
Rituximab	Indolent NHL	2 (𝑛=57)	↑ ADCC	8.8% OR	28% of Fc𝛾R allotypes OR in resistant FcR allotypes	[56]
Rituximab	B-cell NHL	1 (𝑛=10)	↑ ADCC	1 PR, 4 SD		[57]
Trastuzumab	BC	1 (𝑛=15)	↑ ADCC; ↑ IFN-𝛾	1 CR, 2 SD	↑ IFN-𝛾 only in responding patients	[58]
Bisp-antibody CD16/CD30	Hd	1, 2 (𝑛=15)	↑ Cytotoxicity	25% OR		[59]
Bisp-antibody CD16/CD30	Hd	1, 2 (𝑛=15)	↑ ADCC	29% OR		[60]

AML/CML: Acute/Chronic myeloid leukemia; BC: Breast Cancer; RCC: Renal Cell Carcinoma; M: Melanoma; Hd: Hodgkin’s Disease; LFS: Leukemia-Free Survival; NHL: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma; ND: Not Determined; OR: Overall Response; PR: Partial Response; CR: Complete Response; SD: Stable Disease; Bisp: Bispecific.
References: [46–60].