In Vitro Assessment of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Extract for Its Antigingivitis Activity

Table 1

Numbers of each of the taxa investigated in biofilms grown in the gingivitis CDFF over one week under various treatments: Control (n = 2), Chlorhexidine (n = 4), and LMW mushroom (n = 2) pulsing.

Control
	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h	120 h	144 h	168 h
F. nucleatum	4.68 (±0.71) ×10^3	1.38 (±0.11) × 10^3	5.39 (±0.41) × 10^3	5.07 (±0.05) × 10^5	2.99 (±1.82) × 10^6	3.31 (±0.87) × 10^6	6.26 (±0.30) × 10^6
L. casei	6.20 (±4.81) × 10^2	7.80 (±4.53) × 10^2	7.80 (±4.53) × 10^2	8.20 (±9.05) × 10^2	9.10 (±9.76) × 10^2	9.80 (±9.33) × 10^2	9.00 (±10.7) × 10^2
V. dispar	4.91 (±4.13) × 10^4	2.29 (±2.18) × 10^5	2.65 (±1.41) × 10^6	7.83 (±3.74) × 10^6	8.94 (±7.24) × 10^6	8.28 (±3.96) × 10^6	1.52 (±0.26) × 10^7
N. subflava	1.52 (±0.72) × 10^4	2.43 (±1.80) × 10^5	2.49 (±1.70) × 10^7	3.69 (±1.79) × 10^7	6.49 (±5.97) × 10^7	5.51 (±4.14) × 10^7	9.10 (±3.74) × 10^7
A. naeslundii	6.00 (±8.49) × 10^1	4.00 (±5.66) × 10^1	1.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	2.80 (±1.70) × 10^2	1.60 (±0.28) × 10^2	1.40 (±0.57) × 10^2	2.40 (±3.11) × 10^2
P. intermedia	5.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	5.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	6.00 (±0.00) × 10^1	4.00 (±2.83) × 10^1	4.00 (±2.83) × 10^1	3.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	5.00 (±1.41) × 10^1
S. sanguinis	9.49 (±1.65) × 10^4	8.05 (±1.41) × 10^4	1.39 (±0.59) × 10^6	5.63 (±0.99) × 10^5	3.15 (±1.63) × 10^5	5.18 (±3.05) × 10^5	4.40 (±1.71) × 10^5
Universal	6.81 (±2.59) × 10^7	3.48 (±2.22) × 10^7	1.56 (±1.02) × 10^8	1.72 (±1.08) × 10^8	1.51 (±1.28) × 10^8	1.30 (±0.83) × 10^8	1.61 (±0.01) × 10^8
Chlorhexidine
	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h	120 h	144 h	168 h
F. nucleatum	5.28 (±8.28) × 10^3	8.25 (±9.77) × 10^2	2.05 (±4.10) × 10^2	6.40 (±7.18) × 10^2	6.00 (±6.37) × 10^2	2.80 (±5.20) × 10^2	5.05 (±4.71) × 10^2
L. casei	3.60 (±5.80) × 10^2	2.60 (±3.81) × 10^2	6.50 (±13.0) × 10^1	3.20 (±5.13) × 10^2	2.60 (±3.59) × 10^2	6.00 (±10.7) × 10^1	3.15 (±3.00) × 10^2
V. dispar	3.28 (±5.02) × 10^5	4.05 (±5.69) × 10^5	3.53 (±3.35) × 10^5	4.86 (±2.24) × 10^5	2.08 (±1.93) × 10^5	7.02 (±7.24) × 10^5	5.65 (±2.77) × 10^5
N. subflava	7.91 (±10.0) × 10^5	5.98 (±8.67) × 10^5	4.80 (±4.91) × 10^6	9.34 (±12.1) × 10^6	6.95 (±7.91) × 10^6	1.08 (±1.21) × 10^7	7.97 (±4.94) × 10^6
A. naeslundii	3.88 (±3.47) × 10^1	1.15 (±1.92) × 10^1	0.00 (±0.00) × 10^0	1.50 (±3.00) × 10^1	1.00 (±2.00) × 10^1	1.50 (±3.00) × 10^1	9.75 (±12.1) × 10^0
P. intermedia	4.00 (±4.90) × 10^1	4.00 (±4.32) × 10^1	2.50 (±3.79) × 10^1	5.50 (±5.26) × 10^1	4.50 (±4.43) × 10^1	2.00 (±2.83) × 10^1	3.50 (±3.00) × 10^1
S. sanguinis	7.41 (±8.43) × 10^4	2.25 (±2.39) × 10^4	5.75 (±6.38) × 10^4	1.39 (±1.52) × 10^5	7.38 (±7.62) × 10^4	9.35 (±10.3) × 10^4	2.01 (±1.69) × 10^5
Universal	2.06 (±2.57) × 10^7	1.49 (±0.47) × 10^7	2.99 (±2.57) × 10^7	5.01 (±1.91) × 10^7	4.33 (±2.17) × 10^7	6.75 (±4.92) × 10^7	7.30 (±2.85) × 10^7
LMW mushroom
	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h	120 h	144 h	168 h
F. nucleatum	3.30 (±3.82) × 10^2	5.40 (±2.26) × 10^2	3.40 (±3.68) × 10^2	3.10 (±2.12) × 10^2	6.60 (±9.33) × 10^2	3.40 (±3.96) × 10^2	2.40 (±3.11) × 10^2
L. casei	1.05 (±1.34) × 10^1	5.10 (±3.54) × 10^2	1.90 (±1.27) × 10^2	5.00 (±7.07) × 10^1	5.00 (±7.07) × 10^1	7.00 (±9.90) × 10^1	5.00 (±7.07) × 10^−1
V. dispar	8.05 (±11.2) × 10^1	1.32 (±0.29) × 10^4	6.73 (±0.05) × 10^6	6.92 (±2.18) × 10^6	1.46 (±0.65) × 10^7	2.43 (±1.19) × 10^7	2.35 (±1.09) × 10^7
N. subflava	4.86 (±1.78) × 10^5	2.20 (±1.40) × 10^7	5.39 (±2.25) × 10^7	7.10 (±3.29) × 10^7	1.26 (±0.65) × 10^8	1.40 (±0.83) × 10^8	1.50 (±0.50) × 10^8
A. naeslundii	0.00 (±0.00) × 10^0	2.00 (±2.83) × 10^1	2.20 (±0.57) × 10^2	3.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	0.00 (±0.00) × 10^0	0.00 (±0.00) × 10^0	0.00 (±0.00) × 10^0
P. intermedia	1.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	1.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	1.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	2.00 (±2.83) × 10^1	3.00 (±4.24) × 10^1	1.00 (±1.41) × 10^1	2.00 (±2.83) × 10^1
S. sanguinis	5.99 (±4.29) × 10^4	8.67 (±3.87) × 10^5	3.72 (±0.76) × 10^6	6.36 (±2.07) × 10^6	6.55 (±1.97) × 10^6	5.99 (±2.97) × 10^6	5.06 (±1.58) × 10^6
Universal	4.60 (±2.56) × 10^7	8.96 (±1.11) × 10^7	1.98 (±0.69) × 10^8	2.88 (±0.39) × 10^8	3.80 (±1.04) × 10^8	3.25 (±0.12) × 10^8	2.75 (±0.59) × 10^8