Rodent Preclinical Models for Developing Novel Antiarthritic Molecules: Comparative Biology and Preferred Methods for Evaluating Efficacy

Table 1

Common rodent models of immune-mediated arthritis used in preclinical development of antiarthritic therapies.

Categories	Induction principle	Examples	Inciting agents/genetic alteration	Species
Genetically engineered	Deliberate manipulation of one or more genes encoding proteins that regulate the immune response	HLA-B27 transgenic	Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 (a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecule) and human β2-microglobulin	Rat
		HLA-DR transgenic	Human leukocyte antigen, D-related (a MHC class II molecule)	Mouse
		IL-1ra knockout	Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist	Mouse
		K/BxN	Human T-cell receptor (KRN) and a human MHC class II molecule	Mouse
		TNF-α transgenic	Tumor necrosis factor-α	Mouse
Induced	Administration of an exogenous material	Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA)	Lipoidal amine	Rat
			Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Rat
			Pristane	Mouse, rat
		Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)	Type II collagen (bovine, porcine, and rodent)	Mouse, rat
		Bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis	Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (polysaccharide): Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp. (SCW)	Rat
Spontaneous		MRL/lpr	MRL/Mpj-lpr/lpr	Mouse