Antioxidant and Antinociceptive Effects of Citrus limon Essential Oil in Mice

Table 3

Effects of essential oil (EO) of Citrus limon or morphine (MOR) on the hot plate test in the absence and presence of naloxone in mice.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Reaction time (licking of the hind paws) (s)*
		Basal	0.5 h	1 h	1.5 h
Vehicle	—	8.5±0.87	10.8±0.89	10.9±0.91	9.7±1.6
EO	50	7.8±0.77^a	10.7±0.68	19.7±0.45^a	14.9±1.4^a
EO	100	7.1±0.79^a,b	10.9±0.38	13.6±0.93^a,b	18.5±1.8^a,b
EO	150	6.5±0.67^a,b,c	12.4±0.34^a,b,c	12.2±1.71^a,b,c	18.4±1.0^a,
EO plus NAL	150 + 1.5	9.2±0.95^d	10.0±0.85^d	11.5±0.85	9.2±1.1^d
MOR	5	8.1±0.83	21.9±0.65^a	25.4±1.45^a	27.1±1.9^a
MOR plus NAL	5 + 1.5	6.8±0.84	8.4±1.1^e,f	12.4±1.23^e	7.8±1.9^e,f

𝑛=7 per group.
*Values represent mean ± SEM.
^a𝑃<.01, significantly different from control, ^b𝑃<.01, significantly different from EO 50 group, ^c𝑃<.01, significantly different from EO 100 group. ^d𝑃<.01, significantly different from EO 150 group, ^e𝑃<.01, significantly different from MOR group, ^f𝑃<.01, significantly different from EO plus NAL group. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test was applied to all data.