Immunological and Clinical Effects of Vaccines Targeting p53-Overexpressing Malignancies

Table 2

Immune and clinical response p53-targeting vaccines.

Author	Year	Humoral response^1	Cellular response^2		Immunohistochemistry^3	Clinical response^4	Toxicity	Ref
			ELISPOT	Proliferation
Kuball et al.	2002	no anti-p53 specific Abs	no p53-specific response	not analyzed	3/6 positive	4/6 SD; 2/6 PD	CTC I, local reaction, fever	[25]
Menon et al.	2003	pre 7/15; post 10/15	4/15 PR	1/15 PR	not analyzed	1/16 SD	CTC I/II, fever	[26, 27]
Antonia et al.	2006	pre 10/22; post 10/22	16/28 PR	p53-specific proliferation not analyzed	not analyzed	1/29 PR∗; 7/29 SD∗; 21/29 PD∗	CTC I/II	[28]
Svane et al.	2004	not analyzed	4/6 PR	not analyzed	3/6 positive	2/6 SD∗; 2/6 PD∗; 2/6 MR/UR∗	mild/moderate local reaction/flu-like symptoms	[29]
Svane et al.	2007	not analyzed	8/22 PR	not analyzed	11/26 positive	8/19 SD∗; 11/19 PD∗	CTC I/II, local reaction, flu-like symptoms	[30]
Lomas et al.	2004	pre 0/6; post 1/6	0/6 PR	2/6 VIR	14/14 positive	Not analyzed	CTC I/II, local reaction, nausea, arthralgia	[31]
Rahma et al.	2010	not analyzed	10/19 PR	not analyzed	21/21 positive	3 NED; 1 SD; 16 PD	CTC III/IV	[32–34]
Leffers et al.	2009	pre 8/20; post 9/20	18/18 PR	14/17 PR	9/20 positive	2 SD∗; 18 PD∗	CTC I/II, local reaction	[35]
Speetjens et al.	2009	not analyzed	6/9 PR	7/10 VIR	6/10 positive	3/10 NED; 7/10 PD	CTC I/II, local reaction, flu-like symptoms	[36]

¹Pre- and postimmunization levels of anti-p53-specific antibodies. ²p53-specific T-lymphocytes induced by immunizations, PR: positive response, VIR: vaccine-induced response. ³p53- staining of primary tumor samples. ⁴SD: stable disease, PD: progressive disease, MR: mixed response, UR: unconfirmed regression, PR: partial response, NED: no evidence of disease, ∗all according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.