Aortocaval Fistula in Rat: A Unique Model of Volume-Overload Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Hypertrophy

Table 1

Neurohumoral, hemodynamic and renal characteristics of sham operated rats and rats with compensated and decompensated CHF (see [7, 8, 10, 12, 17]).

	Parameter	Sham	CHF-compensated	CHF-decompensated
Neurohumoral	PRA (ng Ang/ml/min)	14.0±3.0	31.2±20.2	47.0±14.0
	Aldosterone (pg/ml)	243.9±72.1	399.1±57.9^a	1266.4±252.4^a,b
	AVP (pg/ml)	14.2±3.6	36.1±13.8^a	37.7±9.6^a
	Epinephrine (pg/ml)	667±175.9	449.0±339.0	2049.8±496.9^a,b
	Norepinephrine (pg/ml)	184.2±40.5	481.0±20.0^a	1112.6±293.2^a,b
	ANP (pg/ml)	94±12	382±115^a	389±135^a
Hemodynamic	CVP (mmHg)	4.5±1.6	16.4±3.9^a
	MAP (mmHg)	151±4	125±5^a	103±5^a,b
	CO (ml/min)	72.6±5.9	114.9±15.5^a
Renal	GFR (ml/min)	1.96±0.16	1.57±0.21^a	0.89±0.12^a,b
	RBF (ml/min)	6.01±0.29	2.81±0.14^a	2.17±0.12^a
	UNaV (mEq/min)	1.69±0.49	0.45±0.08^a	0.16±0.11^a,b

PRA: Plasma renin activity, AVP: Arginine vasopressin, ANP: Atrial natriuretic peptide, CVP: Central venous pressure, MAP: Mean arterial pressure, CO: Cardiac output, GFR: Glomerular filtration rate, RBF: Renal Blood flow, U_NaV: Urinary sodium excretion.
^a𝑃<.05 versus sham operated rats, ^b𝑃<.05 versus compensated CHF. Values are means + SEM.