Clinical Therapeutics in Pregnancy

Table 2

Pregnancy-induced pharmacokinetic changes for selected drugs.

Drug	Half-life	Clearance	Protein binding (%)	Bioavailability	Time during pregnancy change noted	Reference
Cefatrizine	Decreased (1.5 h)	Increases	60	43%	19–24 weeks	[7]
Amoxicillin	Decreased (1.2 h)	Increases		95%	Delivery second and third Trimester and postpartum	[37, 38]
Cefuroxime	Decreased (44 min)	Increases		30–50%	Delivery	[39]
Zidovudine	Unchanged (1.1 h)	Increases	<25	63%	Delivery	[40]
Lamivudine	Unchanged (6 h)	No change	10–50	55%	38 to Delivery	[41]
Saquinavir	Unchanged (9–15 h)		98%		Delivery	[40]
Lopinavir	Unchanged (5-6 h)	Decreases	99%	37%	30–36 weeks	[42]
Nelfinavir	Unchanged (3–5 h)		98%		2nd and 3rd trimester	[43]
Ritonavir	Unchanged (3–5 h)		99%		Delivery	[40]
Glyburide	Unchanged (4 h)	Increases	98%	Decreases	28–38 weeks	[44]
Digoxin	Decreased (38 h)	Increases	33%	60%	3rd trimester	[45, 46]
Midazolam	Unchanged (2.5 h)	Increases	30%	24%	28–32 weeks	[46]
Lamotrigine	15–24 h	Increases	98%	55%	Throughout pregnancy	[47]
Caffeine	Increased (10.5 h)	Decreases			36–40 weeks	[48]