|
| (i) Accumulation of p53, p21, and p27 | |
| (ii) Differential effects on pro- and antiapoptotic members of Bcl-2 family | |
| (iii) Downregulation of XIAP and survivins | |
| (iv) Inhibition of inducible NF-κB activity | |
| (v) Accumulation of misfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| (vi) Induction of oxidative stress | |
| (vii) Activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling | |
| (viii) Inhibition of protein translation | |
| (ix) Inhibition of telomerase activity | |
| (x) Downregulation of PI3 K/Akt signaling | |
| (xi) Upregulation of death receptor | |
| (xii) Histone acetylation | |
| (xiii) Repression of E2F | |
| (xiv) Inhibition of IL-6-mediated signaling | |
| (xv) Suppression of FoxO and FoxMl proteins | |
| (xvi) Tubulin stabilization | |
| (xvii) Induction of mitotic catastrophe | |
| (xviii) Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition | |
| (xix) Inhibition of angiogenesis | |
| (xx) Immunosensitization of cancer cells to the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes | |
| (xxi) Increased genomic instability after exposure to ionizing radiation | |
| (xxii) Overcoming multidrug resistance by inhibition of pglycoprotein | |
|
| Autoregulatory mechanisms against proteasome inhibition | |
| (i) Induction of macroautophagy | |
| (ii) Activation of constitutive NF-κB activity | |
| (iii) Activation of EGFR signaling | |
| (iv) Stat3 phosphorylation | |
| (v) Akt phosphorylation | |
| (vi) Induction of hsp72 and AKR1B10 | |
| (vii) Upregulation of glutathione synthesis | |
|
