Studies of Complex Biological Systems with Applications to Molecular Medicine: The Need to Integrate Transcriptomic and Proteomic Approaches

Table 4

Summary of the models used and of the major findings obtained by applying 2D-E and MS to the study of THs effects.

Authors	Experimental model	Treatments	Number of protein spots analyzed	Number of identified proteins affected by T3	Identified affected pathways and major findings
Rat
Silvestri et al., 2006 [55]	3-months-old male Wistar rats. Studied tissue: liver.	Hypothyroidism was induced by i.p. administration of PTU (1 mg/100 g BW) for 4 weeks together with a weekly i.p. injection of IOP (6 mg/100 g BW). T3 was chronically administered by giving seven daily i.p. injections of 15 𝜇g T3/100 g BW to hypothyroid rats, while the control euthyroid and hypothyroid rats received saline injections.	600	14	The whole cell protein content of rat liver was analyzed following T3 administration. Identified proteins were involved in substrates and lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, detoxification of cytotoxic products, calcium homeostasis, amino acid catabolism, and the urea cycle.
Silvestri et al., 2007 [56]	3-months-old male Wistar rats. Studied tissue: skeletal muscle.	Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were induced as above (Silvestri et al 2006 [55]).	220	20	The whole-cell protein content of gastrocnemius muscles was analyzed. The differentially expressed proteins unambiguously identified were involved in substrates and energy metabolism, stress response, cell structure, and gene expression.