Review Article
Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis: Insights from Large Animal Models
Table 1
Differences between large animal models and humans in the thrombotic system and other parameters that may influence antithrombotic effectiveness.
| Specie | Differences with humans | Human similarities | Reference |
| Nonhuman primates | | Platelet function, coagulation, fibrinolysis and therapeutic interventions (arteriovenous vascular graft or surgical endarterectomy) | Harker et al. [4] | Different digestive metabolic pathways | | Johnson et al. [5] |
| Swine | | Von Willebrand levels close to humans | Denis and Wagner [6] | | Physiological hematologic values | Gross [7] | Accelerated intrinsic cascade activity because of higher levels of coagulation factors (IX, XI, XII) | | Olsen et al. [8] | Iron deficiency that may affect erythrocytic volumes | | Pedersen et al. [9] | GPIIb/IIIa protein | | Royo et al. [10] | Aortic EC do not contain mature vWF | | Royo and Badimon [11] |
| Dogs | | Vascular and platelet responsiveness to thromboxane and endoperoxide analogues close to humans | Burke et al. [12] | Platelets appear to play a greater role in thrombus formation than in humans | | Strony et al. [13] |
|
|
EC: endothelial cells; VWF: Von Willebrand factor.
|