Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis: Insights from Large Animal Models

Table 2

Different animal models in order to evaluate thrombus formation.

Reference	Method applied in order to induce plaque rupture and/or thrombus formation	Animal model
Reddick et al. [99]	Forceps squeezing of the aorta	Apo E^-/- mice
Gertz et al. [100]; Rekhter et al. [101]	Combination of double ballon injury and hypercholesterolemia and further angioplasty-induced plaque rupture	Rabbits
Eitzman et al. [102]	Photochemical reaction to previously formed atherosclerotic plaques	Apo E^-/- mice
Constantinides et al. [103]; Abela et al. [104]; Nakamura et al. [105]	Intraperitoneal injection of Russell’s viper venom* followed by i.v. injection of histamine (vasopressor), serotonin or angiotensin II	Hypercholesterolemic rabbits
Rekhter et al. [106]	Intracerebroventricular injection of corticotrophin-releasing factors (“stress hormone”)	Apo E^-/- mice
Heras et al. [107]	Carotid angioplasty	Pig
Badimon et al. [52, 108]; Lassila et al. [65]	Thrombogenic effect of shear stress and atherosclerotic vessel components on the extracorporeal perfusion system	Pig
Badimon et al. [36]; Fuster et al. [109, 110]	Von Willebrand factor deficiency	Pigs with von Willebrand disease

*Procoagulant and endothelial toxin.