The Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury as an Experimental Pain Model

Table 1

Classification of the Spinal Cord Injury Pain Task Force of the International Association of the Study of Pain.

Broad type	Broad system	Affected structures/Pathologies
Nociceptive	Musculoskeletal	Bone, joint, muscle trauma, or inflammation
		Mechanical instability
		Muscle spasm
		Secondary overuse
	Visceral	Renal calculus (kidney stones)
		Bowel and sphincter dysfunctions
		Headache by autonomic dysreflexia
Neuropathic	Above-level	Compression mononeuropathy
		Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
	At-level	Nerve root compression (cauda equine)
		Syringomyelia
		Spinal cord trauma/ischemia
		Dual-level cord and root trauma (double-lesion syndrome)
	Below-level	Spinal cord trauma/ischemia