Review Article
Induction of Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes as a Basis for the Development of Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines
Table 1
Evidence for cross-reactivity of influenza virus-specific CTL.
| Subtype | | Comments |
Ref. | Priming subtype | Cross-reaction with | Species |
| H2N1 | H3N2 | Mouse | Cross-reactivity confirmed in Cr-release assays using cultured splenocytes of primed mice | [28] | H1N1 | H2N2 H3N2 | Mouse | Cross-reactivity confirmed in Cr-release assays using splenocytes of primed mice | [24] | H3N2 | H1N1 | Mouse | Target cells expressing NP from H1N1 recognized by cultured splenocytes from primed mice | [29] | H3N2 | H1N1 | Mouse | Cross-reactive cultured splenocytes recognize inner proteins of influenza A virus | [30] |
| H3N2 | H1N1 | Human | Cross-reactive CTLs recognize NP, M1, or PB2 | [31] | Seasonal influenza | H5N1 | Human | Cross-reactive CTLs were detected in the blood of healthy human subjects not exposed to H5N1 virus | [32ā34] | pH1N1 | H1N1 | Human | T cells specific for the NP418 epitope induced by the 2009 pH1N1 cross-react with the 1918-H1N1 variant but not with contemporary variants | [35] | Seasonal influenza | 2009 pH1N1 | Human | Cross-reactive CTLs were detected in the blood of healthy human subjects not exposed to 2009 pH1N1 virus | [36] |
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