Table 1: Comparison table of critical factors at play in nanotoxicology versus toxicity of bulk material of identical composition (reproduced from: [4]).

Bulk properties Nanoscale properties Chemical composition Structure (nanostructure) Dose (mass concentration) Particle concentration Exposure route Size distributions Reactivity Particle numbers Conductivity Aggregation/agglomeration Morphology Surface adsorb ability Physical form Surface area Impurities Surface charge Solubility Self-assembly Quantum effects