CD40 and CD40L are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques Increased levels of serum sCD40L in unstable angina; correlate with poor prognosis Polymorphisms in the CD40 gene associate with unstable plaques and increased risk of ACS
Mainly proatherogenic effects (demonstrated by targeted deletion of OX40; administration of neutralising antibodies to OX40L).
Human atherosclerosis
Polymorphisms in the genes for OX40 or OX40L associate with myocardial infarction and CAD severity; OX40 and OX40L upregulated in atherosclerotic tissue or circulating immune cells; sOX40L serum levels increased in ACS patients and associated with higher risk of AMI
HVEM and LIGHT detected in atherosclerotic plaques. Elevated plasma levels of LIGHT in plasma of unstable angina and ischemic (atherosclerotic) stroke patients