Metabolic Engineering of Yeast and Plants for the Production of the Biologically Active Hydroxystilbene, Resveratrol

Table 2

Metabolic engineering of stilbene synthase in plants, and resulting effects on stilbene levels, resistance to pathogens, and antioxidant activities.

Plant/species	Introduced gene(s)	Promoter	Produced stilbene(s)	Stilbene quantity (mg/kg of FW)	Biological activity	References
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)	Arachis hypogea STS	Stress-induced promoter	Resveratrol	—	—	[100]
	Grapevine Vst1 and Vst2	Stress responsive pVst1	Resveratrol	400	Resistance to Botrytis cinerea	[125]
	Chimeric STS gene	Constitutive CaMV 35S	Resveratrol	50 to 290	Altered flower morphology, male sterility	[152]
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Stress responsive pVst1	—	—	Resistance to Pyricularia oryzae ?	[126]
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Combination pVst1 +35S enhancer	—	—	Resistance to Botrytis cinerea	[127, 129]
	Chimeric STS gene	Maize ubiquitin promoter	Resveratrol	2	—	[128]
	Grapevine Vst1 and Vst2	Combination pVst1 +35S enhancer	Unknown derivative stilbene compounds	35 to 190	Resistance to Puccinia recondita and Septoria nodorum	[130]
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Combination pVst1 +35S enhancer	—	—	Resistance to Botrytis cinerea	[127]
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)	Arachis hypogea STS gene (AhRS)	Constitutive CaMV 35S	Piceid	0.5 to 20	Resistance to Phoma medicaginis	[131]
Arabidopsis thaliana L.	Sorghum SbSTS1	Constitutive CaMV 35S	Piceid	584	—	[106, 148]
Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa)	pSV25	Constitutive CaMV 35S	Piceid	20 to 182	No resistance to Botrytis cinerea	[132]
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Fungus inducible ms PR 10.1	Resveratrol		In vitro resistance to Botrytis cinerea	[133]
	Vitis pseudoreticulata STS	Constitutive CaMV 35S	Resveratrol	2.586	Not determined	[134]
Apple (Malus domestica)	Grapevine Vst1	Stress responsive pVst1	Unknown resveratrol-glycoside	—	—	[135]
	Grapevine Vst1	Stress responsive pVst1	Piceid	3 to 7 for non-UV-irradiated fruit and 23 to 62 for UV-irradiated fruit	No influence on other phenolic compounds	[136]
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)	Grapevine Vst1 and Vst2	Stress responsive pVst1	Resveratrol	—	Resistance to Phytophthora infestans No resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani	[143]
	Grapevine StSy	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Resveratrol and piceid	4 to 53	Antioxidant primary metabolism and increase in total antioxidant activity	[144]
	Grapevine StSy	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Resveratrol and piceid	0.1 to 1.2	Enhancement of natural antiradical properties	[145]
	Grapevine StSy	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Resveratrol and piceid	0.42 to 126 depending on the stage of ripening and fruit samples	Differences in rutin, naringenin, and chlorogenic acid contents	[146]
	Grapevine StSy	Fruit-specific promoter TomLoxB	Resveratrol and piceid		Increases in total antioxidant capability and ascorbic acid content	[147]
Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.	Arachis hypogea AhRS3	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Resveratrol and piceid	22 to 116 up to 650 with stress treatment	Antioxidant capabilities Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum	[142]
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)	Parthenocissus henryanaSTS	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Resveratrol	56.4	Effect on Hela cell morphology	[101]
Pea (Pisum. sativum L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Stress responsive pVst1	Occurrence of two resveratrol-glucoside compounds	0.53 to 5.2	—	[149]
White poplar (Populus alba L.)	Grapevine StSy	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Piceid	309 to 615	No in vitro resistance to Melampsora pulcherrima	[137, 139]
Papaya (Carica papaya L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Stress responsive pVst1	Resveratrol glucoside	54	Resistance to Phytophthora palmivora	[138]
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Tissue specific p-nap	Resveratrol glucoside	361 to 616	Food quality improvement: high piceid rate content and reduction of sinapate esters	[140]
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.)	Grapevine Vst1	Constitutive pCaMV 35S	Piceid, unknown stilbene astringin, resveratrol	490 to 560	Higher amounts of flavonoids and acids	[150]