Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
Figure 2
The regulation of CTLs in the tumor microenvironment. (a) Tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. (b) Activated T cells express more CTLA-4, which competitively engages B7 on the surface of DCs to attenuate T-cell activation. The anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab rescues the CTLA-4-induced immunosuppression.