Synergistic Antibacterial Effect between Silibinin and Antibiotics in Oral Bacteria
Table 2
Synergistic effects of the silibinin with ampicillin against oral bacteria.
Strains
Agent
MIC/MBC (μg/mL)
FIC
FICI2
Outcome
Alone
Combination1
S. mutans ATCC 251753
Silibinin
0.2/0.4
0.05/0.1
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
0.125/0.5
0.0312/0.125
0.25/0.25
S. sanguinis ATCC 10556
Silibinin
0.4/0.4
0.1/0.2
0.25/0.5
0.5/0.75
Synergistic/additive
Ampicillin
0.5/1
0.125/0.25
0.25/0.25
S. sobrinus ATCC 27607
Silibinin
0.4/0.8
0.1/0.2
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
0.5/1
0.125/0.25
0.25/0.25
S. ratti KCTC 32944
Silibinin
0.8/0.8
0.1/0.2
0.125/0.25
0.375/0.75
Synergistic/additive
Ampicillin
0.5/1
0.125/0.5
0.25/0.5
S. criceti KCTC 3292
Silibinin
0.8/1.6
0.2/0.4
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.375
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
1/2
0.25/0.25
0.25/0.125
S. anginosus ATCC 31412
Silibinin
0.8/1.6
0.2/0.4
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
1/2
0.25/0.5
0.25/0.25
S. gordonii ATCC 10558
Silibinin
0.1/0.2
0.025/0.05
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
0.5/1
0.125/0.25
0.25/0.25
A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43717
Silibinin
1.6/3.2
0.2/0.8
0.125/0.25
0.25/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
64/64
8/16
0.125/0.25
F. nucleatum ATCC 51190
Silibinin
3.2/6.4
0.4/1.6
0.125/0.25
0.375/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
2/4
0.5/1
0.25/0.25
P. intermedia ATCC 49049
Silibinin
1.6/3.2
0.2/0.8
0.125/0.25
0.375/0.75
Synergistic/additive
Ampicillin
4/8
1/4
0.25/0.5
P. gingivalis ATCC 33277
Silibinin
0.4/0.8
0.1/0.2
0.25/0.25
0.5/0.5
Synergistic/synergistic
Ampicillin
0.5/1
0.125/0.25
0.25/0.25
1The MIC and MBC of the silibinin with ampicillin. 2 The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index). 3American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). 4Korean collection for type cultures (KCTC).