Animal Models of Glaucoma

Table 1

Summary of the animal models commonly used for glaucoma research.

Glaucoma type	Animal	Model mode, mechanism	Reference
POAG	Monkey	Spontaneous inheritance	[11]
		Laser photocoagulation of entire TM, reduced outflow by PAS	[12–17]
		Intracameral injection of latex microspheres, TM blockage	[18]
		Intracameral injection of autologous fixed red blood cells, TM blockage	[19, 20]
	Dog	Spontaneous inheritance	[21, 22]
	Mouse	Transgenic, Myoc mutation	[23, 24]
		Transgenic, alpha-1 subunit of collagen type I	[25, 26]
	Rat	Topical application of dexamethasone	[27]
	Zebrafish	Transgenic, bug eye mutant	[28, 29]
		Transgenic, Irp2 mutation	[30]
		Transgenic, wdr36 mutation	[31]
	Rabbit	Subconjunctival injection of betamethasone	[32–34]
		Posterior chamber injection of α-chymotrypsin, TM blockage	[35–37]
	Sheep	Topical application of prednisolone	[38–40]
	Cow	Topical application of prednisolone	[41, 42]
	Birds	Light-induced, reduced outflow facility	[43–45]
PACG	Dog	Spontaneous inheritance	[46–53]
	Turkey	Spontaneous inheritance	[54]
	Rat	Episcleral vein injection of saline, obstruction of outflow	[55]
		Injection of polystyrene microbeads or hyaluronic acid, TM blockage	[56, 57]
		Cauterization of episcleral veins, reduced outflow by PAS	[58]
		Ligation of episcleral veins, obstruction of outflow	[59]
		Laser photocoagulation of translimbal region, reduced outflow by PAS	[60]
	Mouse	Transgenic, Vav2/Vav3 knockout	[61]
		Laser photocoagulation of episcleral veins, reduced outflow by PAS	[62, 63]
		Cauterization of episcleral veins, reduced outflow by PAS	[64]
	Rabbit	Water loading, decreased outflow facility	[65, 66]
		Laser photocoagulation of TM, obstruction of outflow	[67–69]
PCG	Rabbit	Spontaneous inheritance	[70–75]
	Rat	Spontaneous inheritance, WAG strain	[76, 77]
		Spontaneous inheritance, RCS strain	[78, 79]
	Cat	Spontaneous inheritance	[6, 21, 80, 81]
	Mouse	Transgenic, Cyp1b1 mutation	[82–84]
		Transgenic, Cyp1b1 and Tyr mutations	[85]
	Quail	Spontaneous inheritance, al mutant	[86, 87]
Normal tension	Mouse	Transgenic, Glast or Eaac1 mutation	[88]
Autoimmune	Rat	Immunization against HSP27 and HSP60, RGC loss	[89, 90]
Pigmentary	Mouse	DBA/2J strain, Gpnmb, and Tyrp1 mutation	[91–93]

TM: trabecular meshwork; PAS: peripheral anterior synechiae; RGC: retinal ganglion cell.