Applications of the Phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in Infectious Diseases

Table 2

Antiviral activities of EP at noncytotoxic concentrations.

Virus	Relevant properties	Susceptible to EPethanol extracts (+ or –)	Susceptible to EP aqueous extracts (+ or –)
Rhinoviruses	ss RNA, no membrane	+ only at high conc.	+ only at high conc.
Influenza viruses	segmented RNA, + membrane & 2 target virion proteins (HA, NA)	+	+
Respiratory syncytial virus	ss RNA, + membrane & fusion protein	+	nt
Coronavirus	ss RNA + membrane	+ (mouse virus)	nt
Calicivirus	ss RNA, no membrane	+ high conc.	+ high conc.
Poliovirus	ss RNA, no membrane	–	–
Herpes viruses	ds DNA + membrane	+	+

Data from [11–13].