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Model | Mechanism of pathology | Human relevancy/key features | Key references |
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Pan-GI neoplasias | Heterozygotic APC mutation | APC mutations drive spontaneous and genetic intestinal adenocarcinomas. | Haramis et al., 2006 [24] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | Thioacetamide ± HCV-core-protein-zebrafish | Human genetic overlap. Rising prevalence of HCV-driven HCC in humans. | Lam and Gong, 2006 [25] Rekha et al., 2008 [26] |
Pancreatic cancer | Transgenic ptf1a-KRAS zebrafish | Recapitulates hedgehog signaling aberrations found in humans. Elucidates a potential cellular origin for pancreatic cancers. | Park et al., 2008 [27] |
Inflammatory bowel disease | TNBS in the media of zebrafish larvae | Model inflammatory and goblet cell hypertrophy. Responds to bacterial status and IBD medications. | Flemming et al., 2010 [28] Oehlers et al., 2011 [29] |
Inflammatory bowel disease | Oxazolone enema in adult zebrafish | Goblet cell depletion and eosinophil infiltration. Responds to antibiotic therapy. | Brugman et al., 2009 [30] |
NAFLD | Mutation in a novel gene: foigrhi1532b. Alternative model involves chemical induction with thioacetamide | Large lipid filled hepatocytes and cellular apoptosis; pathology linked to ER stress responses. Alternative model generates a fatty liver and hepatocyte apoptosis. | Cinaroglu et al., 2011 [31] Amali et al., 2006 [32] (alternative model) |
Alcoholic liver disease | 2% ethanol to the water of 4 dpf zebrafish for 32 days | Hepatomegaly and steatosis, with upregulation of genes involved in toxic alcohol metabolism. Model is sensitive to sterol regulatory binding protein, important in human disease. | Passeri et al., 2009 [33] |
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