Targeting Costimulatory Molecules to Improve Antitumor Immunity

Table 1

Clinical trials of B7:CD28 costimulatory molecules.

Costimulatory molecule	Tumor model	Therapeutic strategy	Refs
B7-1	Metastatic renal carcinoma	Vaccination with B7-1-transfected autologous tumor cells in combination with systemic IL-2	[5–7]
	Nonsmall cell lung cancer	Vaccination with an adenocarcinoma cell line expressing B7-1 and human leukocyte antigen A1(HLA-A1) or A2	[6]
	Metastatic colorectal cancer	Vaccination with ALVAC vector expressing CEA and B7-1 in combination with chemotherapy	[8]
	CEA-expressing carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, prostate cancer	Vaccination with TRICOM vector	[9–12]
CTLA-4	Metastatic melanoma, metastatic renal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer	MDX-010 Ab blockade of CTLA-4 alone or in combination with vaccine, IL-2, and chemotherapy	[13–25]
	Melanoma, metastatic colorectal cancer, advanced gastric cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma	CP-675, 206 Ab blockade of CTLA-4 alone or in combination with chemotherapy	[26–34]
PD-1	Hematological malignancies	CT-011 Ab blockade of PD-1	[35]
	Advanced solid cancer	MDX-1106 Ab blockade of PD-1	[36]
	Solid Tumors	MK 3475	[37]
	Cancers, multiple indications	MDX 1105-01	[37]