Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Is Associated with Low Spinal Bone Density: A Comparative Study between Spinal Stenosis and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Table 3

Linear regression with BMD of the unfused spine as dependent variable.

Factor	Coefficient	SE	95% CI	𝑃 value
Age	−0.001	0.004	−0.009–0.007	0.769
Degenerative spondylolisthesis	−0.093	0.055	−0.164–0.057	0.340
Smoking	−0.084	0.051	−0.196–0.009	0.074
Walking distance (km)	0.022	0.010	0.000–0.043	0.035
Female gender	−0.107	0.049	−0.205–0.008	0.034
Osteophyte score (average)	0.035	0.031	−0.027–0.098	0.259
Constant	1.260	0.327	0.606–1.913	0.000

Analysis performed excluding patients with degenerative disc disease. Adjusted marginal mean BMD for spinal stenosis patients was 0.943 compared to 0.889 in degenerative spondylolisthesis patients (𝑃 = 0.336).
Adjusted 𝑅² = 0.147, SE: Standard error. CI: Confidence interval.