Investigating Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life of Greeks and Albanian Immigrants with the Generic EQ-5D Questionnaire

Table 4

Logistic regression analyses in the whole sample.

Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval

Whole sample with pseudovariables

Independent variables

Mobility

Self-care

Usual activities

Pain/discomfort

Depression/anxiety

W.S.

Gr.

Alb

W.S.

Gr.

Alb

W.S.

Gr.

Alb

W.S.

Gr.

Alb

W.S.

Gr.

Alb

Gender; (men versus women)

0,82

1,50

0,54

0,74

2,44

0,42 **

0,87

1,74

0,59 **

1,20

1,61 *

0,82

0,64 **

0,72

0,55 **

0,581–1,166

0,855–2,622

0,340–0,847

0,442–1,239

0,874–6,799

0,222–0,796

0,608–1,257

0,923–3,263

0,376–0,934

0,847–1,689

1,010–2,562

0,488–1,392

0,459–0,906

0,459–1,133

0,321–0,927

Age; (middle versus younger)

1,11

0,75

1,09

1,65

0,22 *

1,38

1,32

0,57

0,91

1,08

1,00

0,90

1,12

1,16

1,36

0,747–1,653

0,425–1,307

0,685–1,738

0,896–3,029

0,073–0,674

0,733–2,604

0,871–2,012

0,302–1,064

0,573–1,448

0,721–1,621

0,622–1,600

0,529–1,545

0,755–1,658

0,732–1,829

0,802–2,318

Place of residence; (urban versus rural)

0,93

1,91

0,90

0,83

6,44

1,32

0,77

1,47

1,19

0,97

0,92

1,19

1,22

1,00

1,04

0,656–1,330

0,803–4,522

0,560–1,454

0,494–1,385

0,733–1,479

0,677–2,577

0,533–1,112

0,525–4,122

0,735–1,916

0,680–1,370

0,481–1,752

0,692–2,036

0,866–1,723

0,539–1,847

0,604–1,784

Education; (secondary versus primary)

1,14

1,12

1,11

1,10

0,86

1,10

1,25

1,84

1,11

1,24

1,18

1,26

0,96

1,38

0,79

0,813–1,609

0,526–2,369

0,752–1,635

0,679–1,768

0,256–2,866

0,658–1,855

0,877–1,769

0,799–4,245

0,751–1,630

0,859–1,778

0,622–2,235

0,803–1,977

0,674–1,379

0,734–2,603

0,504–1,232

Occupation; (manual versus nonmanual)

0,81

1,09

0,78

1,23

2,48

1,24

0,69

0,68

0,72

0,79

0,82

0,68

0,77

0,61

1,02

0,552–1,199

0,550–2,168

0,476–1,278

0,696–2,183

0,793–7,746

0,618–2,477

0,456–1,030

0,293–1,566

0,441–1,179

0,535–1,178

0,464–1,453

0,375–1,240

0,523–1,126

0,357–1,058

0,581–1,791

Monthly income; (high versus low)

0,76 *

0,78

0,78

0,81

0,55

0,98

0,92

0,74

1,04

0,84

0,76

0,93

1,02

0,92

1,12

0,580–0,989

0,493–1,242

0,560–1,094

0,551–1,183

0,246–1,211

0,625–1,526

0,700–1,212

0,444–1,234

0,747–1,452

0,641–1,098

0,512–1,119

0,635–1,370

0,784–1,328

0,634–1,346

0,765–1,640

Ethnicity; (Greeks versus Albanians)

0,32 ***

0,36 ***

0,21 ***

0,17 ***

0,33 ***

0,217–0,470

0,200–0,663

0,136–0,315

0,116–0,249

0,226–0,477

^∗𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001.
Whole sample (W.S.), Greeks (Gr.), and Albanians (Alb).