Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Renal Injury in Rats with Obstructive Nephropathy

Figure 2

Effects of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on (a) nitric oxide (NO) and (b) transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels. Values are mean ± SEM from 10 rats in each group. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus sham, ^†𝑃<0.01, ^††𝑃<0.001 versus UUO within the same kidney. ^#𝑃<0.01, ^##𝑃<0.001 versus corresponding contralateral kidney.

(a)

(b)