The Influence of Comorbidities on Outcomes of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs in Patients with COPD: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Detailed description of each individual article.

Author	Subjects	Analysis (study design)	Disease severity; (mean FEV1  (% predicted))	Comorbidity(ies) investigated	Detailed prescription of pulmonary rehabilitation program	Outcome(s) study	Response rates in patients with comorbidities; (% of patients reaching MCID)
Carreiro et al. [17]	𝑛=114	Retrospective; (observational cross-sectional study)	46±17	(i) Cardiovascular disease (68%); (ii) Metabolic disease (71%); (iii) Osteoporosis (11%); (iv) Anxiety and depression (21%)	(i) Period: 8 weeks (3x/week); (ii) Duration/session: 30–45 minutes; (iii) Intensity endurance training: 80% PWR	(i) Dyspnea (MDI); (ii) Functional exercise capacity (6MWD); (iii) Quality of life (SGRQ)	(i) Dyspnea: 49%; (ii) Functional exercise capacity: 63%; (iii) Quality of life: 63%
Crisafulli et al. [16]	𝑛=2962	Retrospective; (observational cohort study)	49±15	(i) Cardiovascular disease (24%); (ii) Metabolic disease (62%); (iii) Osteoporosis (7%)	(i) Period: 20 sessions (3x/week); (ii) Duration/session: 3 hours; (iii) Intensity endurance training: 70–80% PWR; (iv) Strength training upper/lower body	(i) Dyspnea (MRC); (ii) Functional exercise capacity (6MWD); (iii) Quality of life (SGRQ)	(i) Dyspnea: 82%; (ii) Functional exercise capacity: 60%; (iii) Quality of life: 58%
Crisafulli et al. [18]	𝑛=316	Prospective; (observational cohort study)	50±14	(i) Cardiovascular disease (21%); (ii) Metabolic disease (56%); (iii) Osteoporosis (10%)	(i) Period: 21 sessions (3x/week); (ii) Duration/session: 3 hours; (iii) Intensity endurance training: 70–80% PWR; (iv) Strength training upper/lower body	(i) Dyspnea (MRC); (ii) Functional exercise capacity (6MWD); (iii) Quality of life (SGRQ)	(i) Dyspnea: 68%; (ii) Functional exercise capacity: 60%; (iii) Quality of life: 63%
Walsh et al. [20]	𝑛=203	Retrospective; (observational cohort study)	53±22	(i) Cardiovascular disease (32%); (ii) Metabolic disease (28%); (iii) Osteoporosis (12%)	No detailed information	Functional exercise capacity (6MWD)	No detailed information

Cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, heart failure,and hypertension); metabolic disease (diabetes, dyslipidemia,and obesity); bone disease (osteopenia, osteoporosis); MCID: minimal clinically important difference; PWR: peak work rate; MDI: Mahler Dyspnea Index; 6MWD: six-minute walking distance; SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; MRC: Medical Research Council Scale.