Glutamine and Alanyl-Glutamine Increase RhoA Expression and Reduce Clostridium difficile Toxin-A-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Cell Damage

Figure 3

Atomic force microscopy analysis of the effects of glutamine and alanyl-glutamine supplementation on IEC-6 cell morphology following damage induced by TcdA. Effect of alanyl-glutamine (TcdA + Ala-Gln) or glutamine supplementation (TcdA + Gln), both at 10 mM, simultaneously with 24-hour exposure to TcdA at 10 ng/mL on IEC-6 cell. The images were confectioned with AFM in the contact mode with scanning of 150×150 μm². Control (a), TcdA (b), TcdA + Ala-Gln (c), and TcdA + Gln (d). The height (e), the area (f), and volume (g) were calculated with the nanoscope 5.30R3.SR3 software. ^∗𝑃<0.05 compared to control. ^#𝑃<0.05 compared to TcdA.

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