Release of IL-1β Triggered by Milan Summer PM10: Molecular Pathways Involved in the Cytokine Release
Figure 8
PM10 interaction with THP-1-derived macrophages. The cells were exposed to summer PM10 at the concentration of 2.5 μg/cm2 for 4 h (b) and 6 h (c) and stained by haematoxylin eosin and compared with the control (a). An increased number of particles associated with the cells is indicated by black arrows. TEM images of the cells exposed to summer PM10 after 6 h are showed in (d, e), showing particles internalised in cytoplasm vesicles as well as particles into the nucleus (d). Particles interaction with the cell membrane are presented in (e). N: nucleus; NM: nuclear membrane; C: cytoplasm; CV: cytoplasmic vesicle; CM: cellular membrane. Magnification = 10 K.
