Lifting the Silver Flakes: The Pathogenesis and Management of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Figure 2

Contribution of both acquired and innate immunity to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Acquired immunity leads to a T-cell activation and differentiation in response to different inflammatory signals while the innate immunity responds to a local tissue damage and proinflammatory cytokines production which in combination with nucleic acids from dying keratinocytes trigger the activation of TLR 8 and TLR 9 in myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs, respectively. The interplay between the keratinocytes and immune mediators contributes to the formation of a self-perpetuating loop. IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TGF: transforming growth factor; TNF: tissue necrosis factor; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cell; mDC: myeloid dendritic cell; TLR: Toll-like receptor.