New Morphological Features for Grading Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas

Table 12

The statistics for the epithelial nuclei features and the results of F-test.

Lumen features	Normal  (df = 79)	Grade 1  (df = 79)	Grade 2  (df = 79)	F-tests(𝜇𝑁=𝜇𝐺1=𝜇𝐺2)
	𝑁 (C.I)	𝐺1 (C.I)	𝐺2 (C.I)	F-value
Area  (μm^2)	4.22𝐸+01(±2.67𝐸+00)	5.26𝐸+01(±2.82𝐸+00)	4.83𝐸+01(±2.94𝐸+00)	2.43𝐸+01^∗
Perimeter  (μm)	2.81𝐸+01(±1.09𝐸+00)	3.20𝐸+01(±9.63𝐸−01)	3.10𝐸+01(±9.88𝐸−01)	2.81𝐸+01^∗
Width  (μm)	8.04𝐸+00(±3.11𝐸−01)	9.11𝐸+00(±2.51𝐸−01)	8.65𝐸+00(±2.72𝐸−01)	2.58𝐸+01^∗
Height  (μm)	8.16𝐸+00(±3.38𝐸−01)	9.19𝐸+00(±3.17𝐸−01)	8.92𝐸+00(±2.59𝐸−01)	2.10𝐸+01^∗
MajorAxis  (μm)	8.87𝐸+00(±2.99𝐸−01)	1.01𝐸+01(±2.55𝐸−01)	9.66𝐸+00(±2.42𝐸−01)	3.73𝐸+01^∗
MinorAxis  (μm)	5.92𝐸+00(±2.01𝐸−01)	6.45𝐸+00(±2.10𝐸−01)	6.13𝐸+00(±2.25𝐸−01)	1.10𝐸+01^∗
Circularity	6.87𝐸−01(±1.95𝐸−02)	6.47𝐸−01(±1.69𝐸−02)	6.33𝐸−01(±1.42𝐸−02)	1.86𝐸+01^∗
Feret’s diameter  (μm)	9.94𝐸+00(±3.52𝐸−01)	1.13𝐸+01(±2.97𝐸−01)	1.09𝐸+01(±2.83𝐸−01)	3.46𝐸+01^∗
Skewness	3.42𝐸−01(±1.19𝐸−01)	1.79𝐸−01(±8.28𝐸−02)	1.86𝐸−01(±9.83𝐸−02)	5.84𝐸+00^∗
AspectRatio	1.51𝐸+00(±4.77𝐸−02)	1.60𝐸+00(±4.40𝐸−02)	1.62𝐸+00(±4.14𝐸−02)	1.23𝐸+01^∗
Roundness	6.88𝐸−01(±1.73𝐸−02)	6.56𝐸−01(±1.41𝐸−02)	6.50𝐸−01(±1.29𝐸−02)	1.29𝐸+01^∗
Solidity	8.48𝐸−01(±7.22𝐸−03)	8.41𝐸−01(±7.98𝐸−03)	8.32𝐸−01(±6.66𝐸−03)	8.87𝐸+00^∗
CytoplasmLength  (μm)	6.16𝐸+00(±8.20𝐸−01)	1.29𝐸+01(±1.16𝐸+00)	1.59𝐸+01(±1.01𝐸+00)	1.72𝐸+02^∗
CytoplasmLengthSD	2.10𝐸+00(±4.06𝐸−01)	5.75𝐸+00(±7.69𝐸−01)	8.47𝐸+00(±7.17𝐸−01)	1.68𝐸+02^∗

∗It indicates features whose null hypothesis was rejected with F-value > 𝐹_0.01(2,237).