Risks for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Are Increased in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Table 4

Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between PCOS and control group, according to glucose tolerance state.

Group	PIH n (%)	PD n (%)	Twins n (%)	LGA n (%)	FGR n (%)
NGT
PCOS (𝑛=57)	5^c (8.8)	8^b (14.0)	11^a (19.3)	7 (12.3)	4^c (7.0)
Control (𝑛=508)	12 (2.4)	21 (4.1)	1 (0.2)	58 (11.4)	8 (1.6)
OR (95% CI)	4.0 (1.3, 11.7)	3.8 (1.6, 9.0)	121 (15, 960)	1.1 (0.5, 2.5)	4.7 (1.4, 16.2)
GDM
PCOS (𝑛=64)	9 (14.1)	18^a (28.1)	14 (21.9)	7 (10.9)	6^c (9.4)
Control (𝑛=85)	6 (7.1)	7 (8.2)	0 (0)	13 (15.3)	1 (1.2)
OR (95% CI)	2.2 (0.7, 6.4)	4.4 (1.7, 11.2)		0.7 (0.3, 1.8)	8.7 (1.0, 74.1)

FGR: restriction in fetal growth; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; LGA: large for gestational age; NGT: normal glucose tolerance. PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; PD: preterm delivery.
^a𝑃<0.001, ^b𝑃<0.01, ^c𝑃<0.05, for PCOS and respective controls.