The Impact of Hepatic Steatosis on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Studies: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Liver function tests in experimental models of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury and hepatic steatosis.

Author	Animal	Steatosis model	% steatosis	Type of steatosis	Duration of ischemia; (mins, type)	Duration of reperfusion (mins)	Outcome measures	Results in steatotic livers; (lean livers)
Luo et al. [42]	Mouse	HFD + CMDD	<30	Mixed	15 (total)	180	ALT; AST	450 ± 100 (120 ± 10 IU/L)^1; 480 ± 100 (210 ± 20 IU/L)^1
Domenicali et al. [43]	Rat^2	CDD	>30	MaS	60 (total)	120	ALT	7500 ± 500 IU/L
Yamada et al. [38]	Rat	D-C	30–60	MiS	30 (partial)	240	ALT	4590 ± 811 (4951 ± 788 IU/L)^3
Yamada et al. [39]	Rat	D-C	30–60	MiS	30 (partial)	24 hours	ALT	476 ± 244 (368 ± 97 IU/L)^3
Ellett et al. [29]	Mouse	HFD	30–60	MaS	35 (total)	24 hours	ALT	290 ± 120 (130 ± 30 IU/L)
Koti et al. [44]	Rat^2	HC	30–60	MaS	45 (partial)	120	ALT; AST	5436.3 ± 984.7 IU/L; 3166.3 ± 379.6 IU/L
Yamagami et al. [30]	Rat^2	CDD	40–60	MaS	45 (total)	40 or 180	ALT; AST	518.7 ± 80.3 IU/L; 467.7 ± 185 IU/L
He et al. [31]	Mouse	HFD	50–60	MaS	45 (total)	24 hours	ALT	180 ± 10 (80 ± 5 IU/L)^1
Fusai et al. [45]	Rabbit^2	HC	30–60	MaS	60 (partial)	360	ALT	280 ± 10 U/mL
Hafez et al. [46]	Rabbit^2	HC	30–60	MaS	60 (partial)	420	ALT; AST	178 ± 34 IU/L; 406 ± 86 IU/L
Caraceni et al. [32]	Rat	CDD	50–60	MaS	60 (total)	120	ALT	4000 ± 300 IU/L (1000 ± 50 IU/L)^1
Marsman et al. [40]	Rat	CMDD	>60	MaS	40 (total)	24 hours	ALT; AST; Bili	1500 ± 200 (500 ± 100 IU/L)^1; ↑ AST (Data not shown)^1; 14 ± 3 (6 ± 1 𝜇mol/L)^1
Selzner et al. [33]	Mouse	CDD	>60	Mixed	45 or 60 (partial)	24 hours	AST	16566 ± 5731 (500 ± 3395 IU/L)^1
Caraceni et al. [34]	Rat	CDD	>60	MaS	60	30 to 24 hours	ALT	8106 ± 1125 (3872 ± 400 IU/L)^1
Hakamada et al. [35]	Rat	CDD	>60	MaS	30 or 60 (total)	360	ALT; Bili; PT	1851.4 ± 66.2 (1861.5 ± 212.6 IU/L)^4; 0.67 ± 0.1 (0.14 ± 0.02)^1; 21.0 ± 0.9 (18.4 ± 1.3)^4
Rolo et al. [47]	Rat	CDD	>60	Mixed	90 (partial)	12 hours	ALT; AST	1820 ± 5 (1450 ± 20 IU/L)^1; 1790 ± 100 (1190 ± 100 IU/L)^1
Takahashi et al. [37]	Canine	HFD	7–99	MaS	60	24 hours	ALT	1400 ± 50 (600 ± 50 IU/L)^1

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; Bili: bilirubin; CDD: choline-deficient diet; CMDD: choline-methionine-deficient diet; D-C: dextrose with cholesterol; HC: high cholesterol; HFD: high-fat diet; MaS: macrovesicular steatosis; MiS: microvesicular steatosis; Mixed: presence of both macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis; PT: prothrombin time.
1P < 0.05 versus lean livers; 2no lean group in study; 3no significant difference between steatotic and lean livers; 4ALT and PT were significantly higher in steatotic livers compared to lean livers after 30 minutes of ischemia but not after 60 minutes of ischemia.